学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。 ——《论语》
Learning is the eye of the mind. 学问是心灵的眼睛。
初二英语（第一讲）
主讲教师：李 杰
主审教师：严长胜
【教学内容、目标】
一、New words and expressions:
掌握基本词汇与词组
1、Here打头的倒装句
2、宾语从句
3、make, stop
4、diary
5、no and not
6、hospital
7、leave···by oneself
8、more and more
9、turn on→turn off
10、tell
【知识重点与学习难点】
1、Here is an interesting family photo.
这是一张有趣的全家福。
注：本句是一个由“here”开始的倒装句。“here”与 “There”开头的句子有一个特别需
要注意的地方，就是相应的语序问题。
a、Here/ There+主语（代词）+动词
eg: Here we are. 我们到了。
Here he comes. 他来了。 =He is coming
b、Here/ There+动词+主语（名词）
eg: Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。=The bus is coming
There is the box. 那个盒子在那儿。
2、 Can you guess who the people in the picture are?
你能猜出照片里的这些人是谁吗？
注：这是一个由连接代词who引导的宾语从句。在由连接代词which, who, whom,
what连接副词when, where, why, how以及it引导的宾语从句中，如果句子是问句，主句用疑问语序，从句只能用陈述语序；如果是陈述句，主句和从句都用陈述语序。
eg: Do you know what her name is? 你知道她名字叫什么吗？
I don’t know which one is better. 我不知道哪一个更好。
Ann wants to know where Jim is. 要想知道吉姆在哪儿。
3、Mr. and Mrs. Clarke 克拉克夫妇
注：这种“Mr. and Mrs.···”是“某某夫妇”最常用的表达法。
另外，在一定的语境中“the Clarkes”也可以表示“克拉克夫妇”，而“the Clarks”，最常见的翻法是“克拉克一家”。同时又需要注意这个词组与“the Clarke family”及“the Clarke’s family”的区别。
the Clarke family = the Clarkes 克拉克一家
the Clarke’s family 克拉克的家人（除克拉克先生以外的克拉克一家）
eg: The Shutes were here a minute ago, but their son wasn’t.
舒特夫妇刚才在这儿，但他们的儿子不在。（此处因后有“their son”，因此the Shutes翻作舒特夫妇。）
The Shutes were at home. 舒特一家在家。/舒特夫妇在家。
（本句无特别语境，因而不需要限定翻译方法。）
4、How did Ling Feng make the baby stop crying?
林峰是怎样使孩子停止了哭泣？
a、make, let两词意思都是“使，让”其后都可以加不带to的动词不定式作为宾语补足语。但“Let”带有建议的含意，而“make”带有一定的强迫性。
eg: A bad teacher can make his students copy the new word a hundred thimes, but he can’t make them remember it.
一个糟糕的老师可以让他的学生们把一个生词抄100遍，但他不能使他们记住这个词。
Don’t let Dick play basketball. He has a lot of homework to do.
别让迪克打篮球，他有许多回家作业要做。
6、“Stop”一词意为停止，常用相关词组有两个。
stop doing something 意为“停止干某事（手中正在做的那件）”
Stop doing your homework, Lily. Come here. I need some help.
别做回家作业了，莉莉。到这儿来。我需要些帮助。
stop to do sth. 意为“停下（手中正在做的那件事），去干别的事”
eg: It was time for class. All the students were talking and laughing. Mr. Jenkins came into the classroom. Everybody stopped to listen to him.
上课的时间到了。所有的学生都在边笑边讲话。詹金斯老师进了教室。大家都停下来听他讲话了。
7、diary n. 日记
注：常用的词组有“keep a diary”“记日记”表示有记日记这样一个习惯性的行为
“write in one’s diary” “记日记”表示写日记的具体动作。
eg: My elder brother keeps a diary. He began to do it when he was only 7 years old. 我哥哥记日记。他才七岁时就开始记了。
Don’t talk to me. I’m writing in my diary.
别跟我讲话。我正在记日记。
8、Friday June 21st, 1996 Cloudy
注：记日记时的日期，星期记法较随便，可前可后，但天气要注意一定在最后，且第一个字母一定要大写，并且需要使用形容词形式。
学过的可用来表天气的形容词有：sunny, fine, cloudy, windy, rainy, snowy等。
eg: June 21st 1996 Friday Cloudy
9、There were no classes this afternoon. 今天下午没课。
注：no在本句中是形容词，意为“没有”。相当于not···any。但在数词前或表数量的词。如：many、much、enough, a lot前只用not修饰，不用no。
eg: I have no money with me. 我没带钱。
I don’t have any money with me. 我身边没带钱。
10、I must take her to hospital. 我必须送她去医院看病。
注：hospital 在此处具有抽象意义，不是光指医院这一地点，还有看病的意思。常用的类似词组有：be ill in hospital生病住院 leave hospital出院to hospital入院治疗。
11、I can’t leave her by herself. 我不能把她一个人留下。
注：本句中by herself表示alone、leave···by oneself/ leave···alone意思是“不管……”或“不碰……”
eg: Leave me alone! 别管我！
Leave my books alone! 别碰我的书。
12、At first she was asleep. 起初她睡着了。
注：a、at first 起初 at last最后 at most最多 at least 最少
b、be asleep 意思是“睡着了的”相当于be sleeping
这两个词组与go to bed不同，go to bed意思是“上床睡觉”强调上床的动作不一定就睡着了。
eg: The children went to bed early today. But they’re not asleep now.
孩子们今天很早就上床了，但他们还没睡着。
13、But she looked at me and cried harder and harder.
但她看着我哭得越来越厉害。
注：句中两个比较级的重复使用表示“越来越……”的意思。
eg: He speaks English better and better. 他英语越说越好了。
More and more people come to China. 越来越多的人到中国来了。
14、I turned on the radio. 我打开了收音机。
注：turn on意思是“打开（电视，收音机，开关等）”
反义词组为turn off 意思是“关上（电视，收音机，开关等）”
eg: Turn on the TV at 7 o’clock. 七点钟打开电视。
15、The baby watched and listened, and she didn’t cry any more.
这个孩子看着听着，不再哭了。
注：not···any more 这个词组意思是“不再”同义词组为not···any longer.
16、I’m going to tell everyone··· “我要告诉每个人”……
注：tell一词后应该跟双宾语
tell sb. sth. 告诉某人某事
tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人干某事。
eg: Tell them not to be afraid. 告诉他们别害怕。
17、They’re all places of great interest in China.
他们全是中国的名胜。
注：本句中要注意“中国的”三字表示的是地域上的位置，不能用Chinese表示。
【方法指导与教材延伸】
1、听写相应本单元的单词与词组
2、做完本单元的配套同步练习
3、whole的用法
I told him the whole story. 我将全部经过告诉他。
注：whole与all都有“全部的”意思，其区别在于：
a、all表示“所有的”，后接复数名词
eg: All the students of class 3 are at school now.
三班所有学生都在学校。
b、whole 修饰表示整体的单数名词
eg: The whole family went out last weekend.
全家人上周末都出去了。
1、并列句
如果句子包含有两个或更多个互不关连的简单句，就称这个句子为并列句。常用连词and, so, but, or等，并列连词是用来连接并列句中的分句的。
eg: He went into the classroom and found nobody there.
他进了教室并发现那儿没人。
I didn’t do my homework, so the teacher wanted me to go to the office.
我没做回家作业，因此老师要我去办公室。
Tom came to see me last night, but I was not in.
汤姆昨晚来看我的，但我不在。
【同步练习】
一、单项选择：
1. 从下列四个词组中选出一个意义不同的词组：
a. at once b. right away c. right now d. just now
2. Help ________ to ______ some fish，boys.
a. yourself，/ b. yourself，eat c. yourselves，/ d. yourselves，eat
3. When it's dangerous，you must say "______".
a. Help me! b. Save me! c. Save! d. Help!
4. The egg smells ______. You mustn't eat it.
a. badly b. Well c. Bad d. good
5. The ________ went to France last week，but Mr. Shute is still here.
a. Shute b. Shutes c. Shute's family d. Shutes'
6. The doctor will do ____ operation ____ James' eyes this afternoon.
a. a，on b. an，on c. an，of d. a，on
7. Suzhou is getting ___________.
a. more and more beautiful b. more beautifuler
c. beautifuler d. beautifuler and beautifuler
8. Who teaches you ______?
a. swims b. swimming c. swim d. swiming
9. I'm afraid _________.
a. to wake him up b. to wake up him c. of wake him up d. of wake up him
10. Be ______ not to make any more mistakes.
a. care b. careful c. carefully d. careless
11. It's raining. Let's _____ play basketball. Let's play chess ______.
a. not，instead of b. no，instead of c. no，instead d. not，instead
12. There will be a ______ wind and a ________ rain to the north of the Huai River the day after tomorrow.
a. strong，heavy b. big，strong c. heavy，hard d. hard，big
13. He is not ______. He has a lot of friends _____ him on the island.
a. lone，with b. alone，with c. lone，on d. alone，on
14. The old man ______ is a doctor.
a. he b. him c. himself d. the
15. Suzhou，Hangzhou and Beijing are ____________.
a. place of great interest in China b. places of great interest in China
c. Chinese place of great interest d. Chinese places of great interest
16. There is ______ on the road. You mustn't play football on the road now.
a. much traffic b. many cars c. much cars d. many traffic
17. I can't see ________ in the picture.
a. interest anything b. interesting anything
c. anything interest d. anything interesting
18. Before ________ the road，you must look around carefully.
a. cross b. go across c. go cross d. crossing
19. He is not a worker ________. This sentence means " He _______ a worker.
a. any more，is not any more b. no more，is not any more
c. no more ，is no more d. any more，is no more
20. When Jim was a child，his mother often _____ him a story before he slept.
a. said b. spoke c. told d. Talked
二、根据英文注释以及所给首字母，填出适当的英文单词或词组：
1．g__________ father's father
2．c__________ the students that study in the same class
3．s__________ a group of words that has some kind of meaning
4．S__________ the ninth month of a year
5．s__________ give somebody something for money
6．o__________ the cutting of body to make one better
7．h__________ a time that most people rest from work
8．p__________ a sheet in a book
9．h__________ a place where somebody was born
10. t__________ this evening
三、完型填空：
A supermaket (超级市场) is a special (特殊的) __1___. In a big room there are rows and rows of shelves (架子) filled (装满) with _____2____ things for people to buy. So ___3___ you get to the supermarket，you had better writing out a _____4___ showing each of the things you want to __5___.
A supermarket usually has two __6____. When you are going ___7____， you must use the one that says "IN". You will use the one that says "OUT" when you come 8 out. If you are going to buy a lot of things，you will need to use a shopping cart (购货车). You put everything that you want to buy 9 your cart.
Even though (虽然) a supermarket is a very big place，it will be 10 for you to find what you need. Each row has just a few kinds of things in it，and there's usually a sign (标记) that tells what is 11 the row. If you can't find something，you can always ask a clerk (职员) to help you.
When you have filled your cart with what you want to buy，you should go to the check-out counter（账台），and take everything that you want to buy 12 your cart and put it up on the counter.
The check-out clerk will charge (收费) you for the things that you bought. Then he or she will give you a long piece of paper that shows the cost (费用) of each thing and tells you how 13 your bill (帐单) is. 14 you pay the money，your things will be put into shopping bags. Then you can go through (穿过) the "OUT" door and leave the big market __15____ you.
1. a. park b. shop c. zoo d. hospital
2. a. a kind of b. kind of c. kinds d. all kinds of
3. a. when b. before c. after d. until
4. a. letter b. word c. class list d. shopping list
5. a. buy b. sell c. lend d. borrow
6. a. windows b. shelves c. doors d. floors
7. a. out b. in c. through d. down
8. a. in b. out c. back d. down
9. a. in b. out c. into d. out of
10. a. easy b. hard c. difficult d. hardly
11. a. in b. out c. into d. out of
12. a. in b. out c. into d. out of
13. a. many b. big c. large d. much
14. a. When b. Before c. After d. Until
15. a. before b. behind c. in front d. beside
四、用适当的反身代词填充：
1. After school I taught _______ to ride a bike.
2. She ______ told me the whole story.
3. I am very happy to see the Great Wall ________.
4. Take good care of ________ when you are alone.
5. The wind is very strong，the door must be closed _______.
6. Tom，you're old enough to do everything _________.
7. James and Jane enjoyed _______ at the party.
8. Robert fell down and hurt _______ yesterday.
9. We picked some apples，and the others fell _______.
10. The students must do their homework of _________.
五、用所给动词的适当型式填充：
1、There ________ (not be) enough food for everybody to eat at home.
You had better _______ (go) and _______(buy) some.
2、 Mary is a good student. She is always ready _______(help) her classmates.
3、 "What ______ your mother ______ (do) before?" "He was a doctor."
4、 One of the students ______ (play) football. The others ________(play) basketball.
5、 " _______ you ______(enjoy) ______ (live) in this city?" " Yes，I do."
6、 If your father ______(come) to the parents' meeting the day after tomorrow，my father ________(come)，too.
7、 My grandpa usually _______ (have) lunch at home. But yesterday he _____(do not).
8、 We ______ (not have) any lessons on Sundays. But next Sunday we ______ (have) a Chinese lesson.
9、 "_____ Jim and Tom (have) breakfast now?" "No，they ________(wash) their faces.
10. "Who ______ (come) when I ______(be) away?"
六、句子翻译：
1、这辆自行车我能借多久？
_______ _________ may I ________ this bike?
2、 汤姆看上去多高兴啊！
_______ _______ Tom looks!
3、 我们下星期六会上一堂游泳课。
We will have _______ ______ ______ next Saturday.
4、 你最好向那个警察问路。
You'd better _____ _______ _______ ________ ________ .
5、 老师让汤姆把这个词语抄四遍。
The teacher ______ Tom _______ _______ ________ ________ ________.
6、 请你停止讲话好吗？
Would you please _____ ______?
7、 在你身体好以前，你不能出院。
You can't ______ _______ before _______ ______ ______.
8、 他停下来看了一看。
He stopped ______ ________ ______ ________.
9、 路太远了。因此他们不得不乘公共汽车。
It's too far. _____ they _____ ________ ______ ____ _______.
10. 汤姆四岁时就会游泳了。
Tom could swim ______ the ______ _______ ______.
11. 汤姆得了感冒，立刻打电话给医生吧。
Tom has a _______，________ the doctor at ______.
12. 告诉吉姆不要在上课时讲话。
_____ Jim ______ to talk ______ ________.
13. 沿着这条路走，直到你到了第三个路口再左转。
Go ______ this road，don't _______ _______ until you ________ the third turning.
14. 你会在街的尽头找到那家眼镜厂的。
You will _______ the ______ _________ _______the end of the street.
15. 保持健康的最好的方法之一是多做运动。
One of the _____ ________ to _______ _______ is to ______ ________ ________.
【答案与提示】
一．
1. D 2. C 3. D 4. C 5. A
6. B 7. A 8. B 9. D 10. A
11. B 12. C 13. B 14. A 15. B
16. A 17. D 18. D 19. D 20. D
二．
1. grandpa/ grandfather 2. classmates 3. sentence 4. September 5. sell
6. operation 7. holiday 8. page 9. home town 10. tonight
三．
1. b 2. d 3. b 4. d 5. a
6. c 7. b 8. c 9. c 10. a
11. a 12. c 13. d 14. c 15. b
四。
1． myself 2．herself 3．myself 4．yourself/yourselves 5．itself
6．yourself 7．themselves 8．himself 9．themselves 10．themselves
五．
1. isn't，go，buy 2. to help 3. did，do
4. is playing，are playing 5. Do，enjoy，living 6. comes，will come
7. has，didn't 8. don't，will have 9. Are，having，are washing
10. came，was
六．
1．How，long，keep 2. How，happy 3. a，swimming，lesson
4. ask，the，policeman，the，way 5. made，copy， the，word，four，times
6. stop，talking 7. leave，hospital，you，are，well
8. to，have，a，look 9. So，have，to，take，a，bus
10. at，age，of，four 11. cold，call/phone/ring，once
12. Tell，not，in，class 13. along，turn，left，reach，
14. find，glasses，factory，at 15. best，ways，keep，healthy，take，more，exercise