延续性动词与非延续性动词及其转换

　　动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。

　　一.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。

　　表示时间段的短语有:for+一段时间,for 2 years; since从句,since he came here; since+时间点名词,since last year, since 5 days ago; how long; for a long time等。

　　例:He has lived here for 6 years.　You can keep the book for 5 days. I stayed there for 2 weeks last year.  How long did you stay there last year?

　　二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。 如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。

非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如：two years ago; at 5 o'clock;

例:He died 5 years ago.

　　否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用。例:I haven't left here for 3 years. I haven't heard from him for 3 weeks.

三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：leave --- be away, borrow --- keep, buy --- have, 　begin/start --- be on, 　die --- be dead,　finish --- be over,  join --- be in+组织机构, be a member of+组织机构,  open sth --- keep sth open,  fall ill ---　be ill,  get up---be up, 　catch a cold --- have a cold,  come here --- be here, go there --- be there, 　become --- be, 　come back --- be back,  fall asleep --- be asleep,  get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in),  leave --- be away from,  get to know --- know, go (get) out →be out，  put on→ wear；catch a cold →have a cold等。　 例:The old man died 4 years ago.  ----The old man has been dead for 4 years.　　---- It is 4 years since the old man died.  ----Four years has passed since the old man died. 　　　He joined the Party 2 years ago. 　-----He has been in the Party for 2 years. 　　 I bought the book 5 days ago.　---- I have had the book for 5 days.

补充练习：

1.　　　 When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus ________ for 20 minutes.

A. has left　  B. had left　 C. has been away　　 D. had been away

2. I ______ the League for 5 years so far.　

A. joined　　B. have joined　 C. have been in

3.　　　 The factory ________ since the February of 1988.　

A . has been open　B. has opened　 C. was open　 D. opened

4.　　　 Mary and Rose _______friends since they met in 2000.　

A. have made　B. have been　C. made　　D. have become

5.You mustn't ________ until he comes back.　　

A. be away　 B. leave　 C. be left

6.The meeting　_______ for a week now.　

A. has finished　 B. has ended　C. has been over

7.Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years.　

A. has been in　B. has come to　C. has taught

8.Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years .　

A. has been　B. has become　C. was　　D. became

9. I ______ home for a week.　　

A. have returned　 B. have been back　 C. returned

10. How long _______ he ________ ?　

A. died　　B. has, died　 C. has, been dead

11. He ______ at eight yesterday afternoon.

A. slept　　B. was sleeping　 C. has sleep　 D. had slept

12.He ________ the car for a week.　

A. bought　　B. has bought　 C. has had　

13.-----How long _____ you _____ ill ? -----Two weeks.　

A. did fall　 B. have, fell　C. have, been

14.Since 2000, he _____ his hometown.　

A. has left　 B. has moved away　 C. has been away from

15.I'll lend you the book , but you can only _____ it for 2 days.　

A. borrow　 B. keep　 C. take

16.The bus ______ on the road for 2 hours so far.　

A. has stopped　 B. stopped　 C. has been

17.Are you _____ the jacket these days?　　

A. wearing　  B. putting on　C. dressing　 D. on

18.He ________ foe 2 hours. 

A. got up　 B.　has got up　　C. has been up

19. Tom is ill in hospital. He _______ a cold for several days.

A. is　　  B. catches　 C. has caught　　D. has had

20.----- How long can I ______ the book?　　------ Two weeks.

A. borrow　　B. lend　 C. get　　D. keep

Key:

1---5 D C A B B;　6---10 C A A B C;　 11---15 B C C C B;　 16---20 C A C D D