初三英语 语言点

桃溪中学 邵志平（修改）

Unit 1 In the Library

1. in / at the (school) library
2. Have you got a pen? Yes, I have , / Yes, I have (a black) one. /No,I haven't . /No, I haven't got one.
Do you have a pen ? Yes, I do . / Yes, I have (a black) one. / No, I don't . / No, I don't have one.
3. Here you are . /Here it is . / Here they are.
Here is a book. / Here are some pens. /Here comes the bus. / There goes the bell.
小结：Here 和 There 开头的句子什么时候倒装什么时候不倒装？

4. a pencil sharpener a CD player a DVD machine
5. Have you got any books about travel? =Do you have any books about travel?
several (=a few) books about art This is a book ___________the history of China
6.Chinese math(s) English chemistry physics biology geography history politics PE art
7. on the (book)shelf /bookshelves at the moment=now history book
8. I haven' t seen it anywhere.=I have seen it nowhere.
9. Maybe/Perhaps it's yours .=It may be yours.
Maybe /Perhaps he knows you.=He may _________ you.
10. The red one is mine.=Mine is the red one.
11. Why don't you ask Jim?=________ _______ ask Jim?
12.I saw it on Lin Tao's desk five minutes _________. (A. ago B. before.)
I have never seen it _________. (A. ago B. before)
I had finished my homework two weeks ________. (A. ago B.before)
I had finished my homework _________ the teacher came into the classroom. ( A. ago B. before)
小结 ago 和 before的区别：


13.I saw it in his bag just now. It _______ be there . ( A. must B. can C. may )
I have found it everythere . It ______be there. ( A. mustn't B. can't C. may not )
You _______ be late for school. ( A. mustn't B. can't C. may not )
小结：最大程度的肯定推测用： 最大程度的否定推测用：
mustn't表示 ，中文意思是 “不可以".
14. like doing sth. like to do sth. enjoy __________ sth. feel like _________ sth.
15. borrow a book _______the school library a library book =a book___________ __________ the library
my _________ ( borrow) book= the book ________ __________ me
lend sth. ________ sb. keep sth. _________ some time
How long can I _______( 借）the book?
give the book back (to sb.) = return the book ( to sb.)
16. Don't _____the library book ,or you'll have to pay for it. (A. fall B. drop C. lose D. throw)
I am sorry to tell you that your team ________ the football match yesterday evening .( A. fell B. felt
C. dropped D. lost)
Don't ______ the waste paper about. Keep the classroom clean. (A. fall B. lose C. throw)
Don't _____ English though it is hard to learn well. ( A. fall B. drop C. throw )
Work hard, or you'll ______behind the others. (A. fall B. drop C. lose)
He _______ off his bike and hurt his leg yesterday. (A. fell B. dropped C. lost)
小结：



17. She _________ a little accident yesterday.=A little accident ________ _________ her yesterday.
I happened to meet her on the street yesterday morning.
sth. happens to sb. sb. happens to do sth.
18. use sth. to do sth. 用某物来做某事 be used ______(do) sth. =be used for _____(do) sth.被用来做某事
be used as sth. 被当作某物用 be/get /become used to _______(do) sth. 习惯于做某事
used to do sth. 过去常常做某事
He used to get up early in the morning.
A：否定句：
B：一般疑问句：
C:反意疑问句：He used to get up early in the morning ,__________________?
D: 就划线部分提问：
小结：used to do sth. --(否定）--> / /　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　--（一般疑问句）-->　　　　　　　　　
--（特殊问句）-->
总而言之，其用法很容易,拿它当情态动词或实义动词（过去式）去处理都不会错。
She used to be a history teacher.=She _______(be) a history teacher.,but she ________(be) now.
19.I have many ____________(hobby).What's your hobby? reading on many different subjects
20. He is a student. I'm a student,_______. =He is a student. I'm ______ a student. = He is a student, ______am I. (A. also B. too C. either D. so E. neither/nor)
He can't swim. I can't swim,_______. = He can't swim , ________can he.
(A. also B. too C. either D. so E. neither)
The apple on the tree is _____ high to reach. (A. also B. too C. so )
小结：


21.Books can give us (much/a lot of ) ___________ (know) and make us happy.
22. _________ in the schoolyard =_______ the open air in the schoolyard
_________ the school playground
23. ___________ I help the old granny carry water after school. (A. Sometime B. Some time C. Sometimes D. some times )
I'm going to Shenzhen and stay there for ________ in the coming summer holiday.(A. sometime B. some time C. sometimes D. some times )
I'll go to Shenzhen _______for a meeting next year, I think. (A. sometime B. some time C. sometimes D. some times )
I've been to Shenzhen ______ . I know the city very well. (A. sometime B. some time C. sometimes D. some times )
小结：sometimes some times sometime some time
24.read a few lines put down the book work well
walk a few steps step/walk into the classroom think for a while/moment
walk away with the book what's worse what's more=besides
25.填入适当的副词：( down ; on ; up ; away ; off ; out : into)
He put ______ his book(____ his desk) and went out of the classroom. I put my book ______ my bag and went outside ,too.
Let's put ______ the new words on the blackboard.
Put ______ your hand if you have any question.
Don't throw your things about. Put them ________.
Put _____ your overcoat before going out. It's very cold today.
They put _______ a new hospital last year.
They will put ______ a new play on Children's Day .
We will put______ the picnic if it rains tomorrow.
At last we put______ the fire with their help.
It's too hard for me to put the Chinese sentences _______ English.
小结：put on put down put away
put up put off put out
26.last week the week before last
next month the month after next
the next month
tomorrow the next day
27. forget to do sth. forget doing sth.
remember to do sth. remember doing sth.
stop to do sth. stop doing sth.
keep sb. doing sth. keep sb. from doing sth.
leave home leave for home
28. The l_________ works in the school library.
29. 用look for; find ; find out 的适当形式填空：
I've __________for it everywhere ,but I still can't _______it.
I'll _______ why he was late this morning .
Let's go to the people over there and ________ when the next train leaves.
Read the text above and _______ the answers to the questions below.
小结：


30. 怎样“查 " ? 怎样 " 看”？？
_______ up the new word in the dictionary ________ the film ,Titanic
_____ a play ________ the cinema /theatre
_______ the Euro 2004 matchs _ _____ TV
_______ some books /novels/ newspapers/magazines
_______ some reading _______the doctor
_______ the patient _______ sb.
come to the river and ______ into the water _______ of the window
______ up and find an airplane in the sky Let me _______. = Let me have _____________.
______ the internet for some useful information=_____ for some useful information on the internet
31. The mother always _________(worry) about his son. = The mother is always ________(worry) about his son.
The mother's son always __________(worry) her. =The mother's son always makes her ________(worry).
worry about sb. be worried about sb. worry sb.
32.sooner or later several / a few days later= after several / a few days
come ______ ______ a good idea=have a good idea
33. The borrowed book is lost/ missing/ gone.
miss the early bus= miss ________(catch) the early bus=fail _________(catch) the early bus.
34. Each of them _______(have) a novel.=They each _______(have) a novel. =They _______(have) a novel each.
35.用pay ; spend ; take ; cost; buy 的适当形式填空：
I _____ five yuan for the magazine. = The magazine ______ me five yuan.
=I _____ five yuan on the magazine. =It ______ me five yuan to buy the
magazine.= I ______ the magazine for five yuan.
It _____ two hundred people two years to build up the bridge.
I _______ two hours doing my homework every evening.
The ______ is too high,I think. I'll have to ____ for the last library book.
小结：



36.the end of the story The _______(end) of the story made us sad.
37.think of a way to do sth. / think of a way of doing sth.
38. encourage sb. to do sth.
39.don't _________ ( A. very B.rather C.quite) understand sth./sb
40.get sth. back =have sth. back
41. pick up the book =pick the book up pick it up
42. I can't do my homework now. I ______ my exercise book in the classroom.(A. left B. forgot)
I am sorry I ______ to buy a pencil-box for you yesterday. (A. left B. forgot)
I'm very ill .I have to ask for sick _______. (A. leave B.forget C.forgetting)
小结：leave forget
43.eat fish and chips make dumplings listen to foreign music
travel on a plane/travel by plane not even once just/only once
go _________( A. to B./ )abroad =go __________ ( A. to B./ )a foreign country clean the kitchen
some information _________the computer (screen)
sweep the floor make the /one's bed wait a minute/moment
wash one's clothes do some washing buy a vedio tape
finish (doing ) sth. finish reading the book finish (writing) my composition
44.How many books does the school library ________?=How many books ___________ in the school library?
45. What do you do every day ______ a student?
46. I go to school ________. ( A. everyday B.every day)
I never forget to do my _______ homework. (A. everyday B.every day)
It'll never happen in our ________ life. (A. everyday B.every day)
小结：

47. Somebody else ________(have) borrowed the book.
The book is someone _______ (else).
We can see some ______ things in the picture.=We can see something_______in the picture.
(A. else B. other)
What _____ things can you see in the picture?=What ______ can you see in the picture?
(A. else B. other)
小结:

48.spoil sth. Gone With the Wind <<随风而逝>>/ <<飘>>
turn _______ the corners of the book Do you like the ______ of Shakespeare ? (A. work B. works C. job D. jobs)
Turn ________ the radio .It's too noisy.
49. more and more The more ,the better.
The dictionary is a good friend _______ me.=The dictionary is my good friend.
50.现在完成时的谓语动词：have/has done （即：have /has+过去分词 )
have /has (already ) done sth. have done sth. before
have done sth. for some time have just done sth.
have ever done sth. have never done sth.
Have you done sth. yet? haven't done sth. yet
have gone to sp. have been to sp.
have been in sp. for some time


　　　　　　　　 Unit 2 Water Sports
1. water sports
The ___________ learnt to __________ when he was ten. He learnt ________ from the man in the _______ shop.(surf)
2. What's the surfing _________ today?
What's his sister like?=What does his sister look like? What does his sister like(doing/ to do)?
What's the weather like today? =____________ is the weather today?
be like look like do sth. like this/that
3.用have/has been (to); have/has gone(to); have/has been (in)填空：
I ___________________________ Beijing twice. I ______________________Beijing for ten years.
I ___________________________Beijing before. I _________ ever _____________ Beijing.
I _________ never ____________ Beijing. I ______________________Beijing since 1994.
"Where's he?" "He________________ Beijing./He________________abroad/there/home."
How long ___________ you __________ here in Huangshi?
小结：have gone (to) have been (to) have been in /at / on....
4. I ________ two days aga. (A. reached B. got C.arrived )
When did you _______? (A. reach B. arrive C. arrive at C. arrive in D. get to E.get)
I am not tall enough to ________ the apple on the tree. (A. reach B.arrive at C. get to D. arrive in)
I think I can _________ there before 10 o'clock. (A. arrive in B. arrive at C. reach D. get to )
He has ____________ Beijing. / He has ______________ the train station. (A. arrived in B.arrived at)
小结:reach=get to =arrive in/at
另注：

5.I came to Huangshi No.16 Middle School two years ago.
=I have been in Huangshi No. 16 Middle School ___________ two years.
= I have been in Huangshi No,16 Middle School ___________ two years ago.
=It is two years ________ I came to Huangshi No. 16 Middle School . (A.for B.since )
=Two years has passed _________ I came to Huangshi No. 16 Middle School.
I have been in Huangshi No. 16 Middle School ________ 2002. (A.for B.since )
小结：

6.I arrived two days __________ you. (A. before B. in front of C. in the front of)
I am ________ you all. You are all after me. (A. before B. in front of C. in the front of)
At the end of the third lap ,Wu Peng was_____________. (A. before B. in front C. in the front)
A student is giving the class a talk ____________ the classroom. (A. before B. in front of C. in the front of)
There is a tall tree _____________ our classroom. (A. before B. in front of C . in the front of )
On our way to the Great Wall,the conductor was talking with the driver _________ the bus all the time.
(A. before B. in front of C. in the front of)
Lily sits __________ row in the classroom. (A. before B. in front C. in the front D. in front of E.in the front of)
Li Lei, can you come to __________ and act out the dialogue for the class? (A. before B. front C. the front)
Look to the left and right ________ you go across the road. (A. before B. in front of C. in the front of)
I always get home _________ 12 o'clock after school. (A. before B. in front of C. in the front of)
I finished middle school years ___________. ( A. before B. ago C. in front D. in the front)
I had finished middle school years __________. ( A. before B. ago C. in front D. in the front)
小结：


7,The beaches there are better than ________ here. (A.them B. those C. ones D.the ones)
In winter the weather in Beijing is colder than________ in Shanghai. (A. it B. that C. the one )
These books are much more interesting than _________ on the desk. (A. them B. those C. ones)
These books are much more interesting than the _______ on the desk. (A. them B. those C. ones)
These books are much more interesting than ________ . (A. that ones B. those ones )
The book is very interesting . ______ is mine. (A. It B. That C. One D. The one)
小结：



8.The surfing looked ______________. Every surfer was very ____________. (excite).
We are all ______________ in the _______________ book.=We all take/have/show ___________ in the _________book.(interest).
They were very ____________ at the ______________ news.=The _____________ news ____________them very much.(surprise)
Some of the ____________ countries are helping the ______________ ones. (develop)
We were all deeply __________ to tears by the ___________ film. (move)
小结： interesting interested exciting excited
surprising surprised moving moved
developing developed
9.have a try/go want a go show sb. how to do sth.
10.___________ wants to keep in touch with such a man. (A. No one B.None )
_________ of them has /have seen the film. (A. No one B. None )
"Who are you waiting for?" "_________." (A. No one B. None )
"How many animals did you see there?" " ___________." (A. No one B. None)
小结：

11. surf ---surfed boat--boated dive--dived
canoe---canoed---canoeing water-ski---->water-skied---->water-skiing
12.watch sb. do sth. watch sb. doing sth.
see sb. do sth. see sb. doing sth.
hear sb. do sth. hear sb. doing sth.
问题：这些短语中什么时候用do ？什么时候用doing ？


13. one of the world's most popular water sports one of the best beaches ______ surfing
Surfing first started ________ the islands of Hawaii.
14. be enjoyed __________ sb. _____ ______ the world=around the world=in the world
15. Hangzhou is famous _______ the West Lake. Hangzhou is famous ______ a beautiful city. (A. for B. as C.to)
Hangzhou is famous _______ the people around the world. (A. for B. as C.to)
The teacher is well-known ______ one of his books. The man is well-known _____ a teacher. (A. for B. as C.to)
famous =well known
16.The ______________ sports _____________ many people to the islands. (attract)
17. _________(A. A number of B. The number of)students ______(A.is B.are) playing football on the school playground.
_________(A. A number of B. The number of)the students on the school playground ______(A.is B.are)about 100.
小结: a (large ) number of / large numbers of the number of
a large sum of a small quantity of

18,The weather there is neither too cold nor too hot all the year ________
neither....nor.... either....or.... not only.... but (also)....
Neither she nor I _______ (be ) right. Either you or she _______ (be) wrong.
Not only they but also their English teacher _________ (like) playing chess.
小结：

19.no matter what=whatever no matter which=whichever no matter who=whoever
no matter when=whenever no matter where=wherever no matter how=however
no matter whose=whosever no matter whom=whomever
（１）．___________________________________________________________(无论发生什么事），you must stay with me.
（２）．___________________________________________________________(无论你给我买哪件衬衫），I like it.
（３）．___________________________________________________________(无论谁做)it, he should do his best.
（４）．___________________________________________________________(无论它是谁的书), it must be kept well.
（５）．____________________________________________________________(无论你什么时候来), you'll be welcome.
（６）．____________________________________________________________(无论我走到何方), I miss our motherland.
（７）．___________________________________________________________(无论这道数学题多难,) I'll work it out.
20.There is a big difference between serious surfers and the so-called "beach boys".=Serious surfers are quite ________ _________ the so-called "beach boys".
真正的冲浪运动员和所谓的＂沙滩男孩＂之间有很大区别．
live to surf 活着是为了冲浪　　　　if (it is) possible 如果有可能（的话）
in both winter and summer
21.This man is 18 (years old)=He is __________ __________________________ man.=He is a man of 18.
22.He __________ his job several weeks ago. (A. gave in B. gave up C. gave out D.gave off E.gave away)
The teacher was __________ exam papers at that time. (A. giving in B. giving up C.giving out D.gave off)
The soldier would rather die than ___________. (A. give in B. give up C. give out D.give off E.give away)
The flowers _______ a pleasant smell. (A. give in B. give up C.give out D. give off E. give away)
He decided to_______ a large amount of money to help the poor. (A. give in B. give up C.give out D. give off E. give away)
小结：give up give away give out
give in =give oneself up
23. 常用于现在完 成时： recently=lately so far=up till/to now
ever since ever since 2002 ever since he was ten in the past/last +一段时间
注意：just（刚）多用________时 ，just now（刚才=a moment ago）多用________时 。
in the past+一段时间 （在最近的多长时间里）多用________时 ，in the past（在过去=in the old days）多用__________时 。
24.work __________ a shop assistant/ a waiter 当售货员/服务员
25. a part-time teacher a full-time job
26.have/take a night (two days ; half a month) off
My mother hasn't had a day off for ten years.=My mother hasn't asked for a day's sick leave for ten years.
27.Although/Though he is in poor health , _______ he works very hard. (A.but B. yet C. / D.still)=He is in poor health, ____________(A.but B. yet C. / D.still) he works very hard.
28.make sb. fit/healthy
The coat doesn't fit me.=The coat isn't fit ________ me.
29.win (the) first prize in the city surfing competition
30.____________ I met him on the street. (A. One day B. Some day C. A day D. Some days)
I hope that_________ my dream will come true. (A. one day B. some day C. a day D.some days)
Take the medicine three times _________ . (A. one day B. some day C. a day D.some days)
I'll stay here for _________,maybe from Monday to Friday. (A. one day B. some day C. a day D.some days)
小结：one day some day some days =a few days =several days
31. some events of the 2008 Olympic Games
Athens _______________. (A. Olympic Games B. Olympics C. sports meeting D. sports meet)
Asian _______________ (A. Game B.Games C. sports meeting D. sports meet)
National ______________ (A. Game B.Games C. sports meeting D. sports meet)
the school __________ (A. Game B.Games C. sports meeting D. sports meet)
小结：奥运会 大型运动会
sports meeting ( 有时sports meet) 用于
32.Surfing is ________ great fun. (A. such B. such a C. so D. so a )
There are _____many people over there .=There're ____ lot of people over there. (A. such B. such a C. so D. so a )
There is still ____much milk in the bottle.=There's ____ lot of milk in the bottle. (A. such B. such a C. so D. so a )
There are ______ few books that not each of us can get one. (A. such B. such a C. so D. so a )
There was _______little food left that some of them went to work without lunch. (A. such B. such a C. so D. so a )
He ran ______ fast that none of us could catch up with him. (A. such B. such a C. so D. so a )
No one was _________tall that he could reach the apple one tall tree. (A. such B. such a C. so D. so a )
This is _______ interesting book.=This is ________interesting a book. (A. such B. such an C. so D. so an )
It is so long a river.(变成复数句）----> ___________ _________ long rivers.
小结：



33.我认为我学不会它。I __________think I _______ learn it . =I ________ learn it , I ___________.
I didn't pass the exam.= I ________ in the exam. (A. lost B. missed C. failed D. beat)
34. need more practice =need _______ ________ more Why so soon? the computer room
go to sp. _______ business (How) Time ________! have one's lunch
have one's Chinese lesson the South China Sea the teachers' office
35. I have ____ here for 2 months already.=I _______ here 2 months ago. (A. come B. came C. arrived D. been)
36. How many cities have you ___________ in China? (A. travelled B. travelled to C. travelled in)
Where are they ______now? (A. travelling B. travelling to C. travelling in )
Where does he _______? (A. come B. come from) Where are you ____? (A. going B. going to)
Which country are you __________? (A. going B. going to )
小结：

37. I'll never forget the days I _________ on Bondi Beach. (A. spent B. took C. paid D. past E. cost )
Please find as__________words about water sports as you can. (A. many B. more C. most D. the most)
Read __________ you can. (A. books as many as B. as many books as C. as many as books )
38._________ the Qiongzhou Channel = swim __________ the Qiongzhou Channel (cross)
During the ___________, he had some food and several drinks. (cross)
He failed after he swam for 12 hours.= He failed ___________ ___________ for 12 hours.
39.He has realized his dream.=His dream has been realized.= His dream has _______ __________.
40.The _______ __________across the channel again yesterday. He has ________ across it twice. (swim)
41. set off=set out=start (off)= start out 出发，动身
set about doing sth. 开始着手做某事 set/build/ put up a tall building 建起一栋高楼
42. slow down do sth. (together ) with sb reach sb. by phone
a ( big) crowd of people Don't crowd __________ me. It's very _________(crowd) here. .
43. be proud of = _________ _________ ________
All the people in Hailan are ________of him.=The people in Hailan all take _______in him. =He is the ______of all the people in Hailan.
44. speak _______(high) of=praise He jumped so ________(high) in the ________(high) jump.
小结：high highly
45.If you work hard , you'll be successful.= If you ______ work hard , you'll _______. = Work hard, _______ you'll fail.=Work hard , ________ you'll succeed. = You'll fail _______ you work hard.= You'll not succeed ______ you don't work hard.
success (n.)-----succeed (v.) ----- successful(adj.)----successfully (adv.)
succeed in doing sth. =be __________ in doing sth. = do sth. __________
unless=if....not
46.After finishing(he finished) his maths exercises ,he went on ________ English. (A. to read B. reading C. with reading)
Though it was raining heavily, the farmers went on _________in the filelds. (A. working B. to work C. with the work)
The runner got up quickly and went on __________ . (A. running B. to run )
He went on swimming for another two hours before he finished his journey.=He ______ finish his journey _____ he went on swimming for two __________ hours.
小结：go on to do sth. go on doing sth.
go on with sth. keep (on ) doing sth.
47. _____ the way, where are you going tomorrow? (A. By B. On C. In )
_____ my way home from school, I found a wallet lying on the ground. (A. By B. On C. In)
Don't stand ______ the way. (A. by B. on C. in )
We can solve the problem _______the way that the teacher taught us yesterday.(A. in B. on C.in )
We can solve this maths problem ______ the same way. (A. by B. on C. in )
______ that way, we worked out that problem in five minutes. (A. By B. On C.In )
______ a way, you are all right. (A. By B. On C. In )
小结：by the way on the /one's way in this/that way
in many ways in a way in the way
48. He's standing _______ his parents. His parents are ________ those people. (A. between B.among)
49. try/do one's best (to do sth.)=do the best one can (to do sth.)=do what/all one can (to do sth.)
尽力（做某事）
in one's power 在某人力所能及的范围内 the truth of the matter 事情的实质
I still failed though I did my best.=I still failed in my power.
50.reach for one's dreams 朝着理想奋斗 grow from the reaching 在奋斗中成长
learn from the trying 在尝试中学会 win from the doing 在行动中获胜/成功

　　　　　 Unit 3 Make Our World More Beautiful !
1.Where ____________, John? I called you ,but you weren't in. (A. did you go B. have you gone C. have you been)
2. ________(A. paper B. paper's ) factory _________(A. Children B. Children's) Park
__________(A. woman B. woman's C. women D. women's E. both C and D) doctors
________ (A. shoe B. shoes C. shoes' D. shoe's ) shop pour waste water _________ the river
3. write a story _____ it _____ the TV station and the newspaper write a book on the environment
teach computer science play concerts
a year and a half=______ and a half __________ two years and a half =two and ____________ years
4. ______(A. What B. How ) can "Greener China " do with it? "Greener China" can do something ___________ it.
5. How long have you been a _____________ of Greener China? =How long have you been _______ Greener China?=How long is _________ __________ you joined the Greener China?
I have been a soldier for two years .= I have been in _______ ________ for two years. = ______ ______2 years since I _______the army.=Two years ______ ______ since I joined the army. = I _______ the army two years __________.
I bought this car three months ago. = I ________ _________ this car for three months.= _______ _______ three months _________ I bought this car.
The film began five minutes ago. = The film has__________ _________ for five minutes.
Three years ________ ________ since I came to this school.= I have ________ at this school for three years. =I came to this school __________ _________ ____________. =It __________ three years __________ I came to this school.
The old man __________ (die) five years ago.= The old man _________ __________ ___________ for five years. =Five years _________ ___________ since the old man died. = It ________ five years since the old man died.
He ________ (leave) two weeks ago. = He ___________ ____________ ___________for 2 weeks.= ______ _______ 2 weeks since he left. = Two weeks _________ ___________ since he left.
I arrived here half an hour ago. = I _________ _________ here for half an hour.
I borrowed this book two days ago. = I ________ __________ this book for 2 days.
She _______ (fall) asleep twenty minutes ago. = She has ________ ___________ for twenty minutes.
He ________( get) up twenty minutes ago. = He has _________ __________ for twenty minutes.
They finished their classes five minutes ago. = Their classes _________ _________ ___________ for five minutes.
My father went out five minutes ago. = My father ________ ________ _________ for five minutes.
小结：当现在完成时肯定句中含有for........; since......... ;How long.......? 时，句子的谓语动词不能是终止性动词。在完成汉语意义为" ..... 已经做某事多长时间了" 最容易犯违反以上语法规则的错误.纠正此错误的办法有:(1). 仍用原终止性动词,但将时间状语改为".......ago",将句子换用一般过去时 ;
(2). 仍用现在完成时,但将谓语动词改为持续性动词,具体改法见下表(常用的);
(3). 仍用原终止性动词,用句型: It is + 一段时间+ since sb. did sth.
(4). 仍用原终止性动词, 用句型: 一段时间+has /have passed since sb. did sth.

6. be afraid of sth. /sb. The little girl is afraid of the police dog.
be afraid of doing sth. She was afraid of waking up her son.
be afraid to do sth. I am afraid to be late for school.
be afraid (that)+句子 I'm afraid (that) you are wrong.
插入语用法 You are wrong, I'm afraid.
7.harm the environment take care of our environment=protect our environment
improve the environment Protecting/Taking care of our environment is very important.
(It is our duty to) keep our environment clean and tidy.保持我们的环境干净整洁(是我们的职责.)
around the /one's neighbourhood near the /one's neighbourhood in the /one's neighbourhood
throw litter on(to) the ground draw pictures on public walls spit in public places /a public place
cut down trees /a tree make us happy/sad make our city more and more beautiful
visit one of my friends =visit a friend of _______ go out(side)
The music box produced a ________ of beautiful music. a truck collecting rubbish
pick up some rubbish throw sth. in
throw some rubbish _______ a dustbin collect waste paper or bottles ______ recycling
8.It's a pleasant way to help keep our city clean.
help sb. -----> help sb. (to) do sth.----> help sb. with sth. ----> help (to) do sth. ----> help with sth.
Sometimes I help (Mother) (to) do some housework.
9.plant trees Tree Planting Day
make a contribution to (doing) sth. /make (great) contributions to (doing) sth.=contribute (a lot) to doing sth.
10.Which is Right?? A. Who do you think will win the first prize in the surfing competition? ( )
B. Do you think who will win the first prize in the surfing competition? ( )
11.plant more trees to make our city greener
The more trees (we plant) , the better (it will be). =_______ we plant more trees ,it will be better.
the +比较级 , the + 比较级. "越...... , 就越........"
The more you read, the more you will know.=_______ you read more ,you will know more.
12. I suppose /think we'll go there next week. (变成否定句)---->　
13.join sb. (in doing sth./ in sth.) Would you like to join us in the game?
怎样＂参加” 或“加入”？
__________ the Party ____________the army ___________the Youth League __________the Young Pioneer
__________ this one to that one _____________________ the sports meeting ___________________ the meeting
14.at rest They were playing cards at rest.=They playing cards when/while they were having a rest.
15.What's the difference between A and B ?
A is different from B.= There're some __________between A and B. = A has some differences from B.=A differs from B.
16,keep plants at home litter things about=throw litter about
pick flowers step on the grass in the park
do well /OK / better / best in (doing ) sth. a litter box =a dustbin
make sure to do sth. make sure (that) +句子
Make sure to close the door before you go to bed.=Make sure (that) you have closed the door before you go to bed.
make sure that all of the rubbish goes into the dustbin=make sure to throw the rubbish into the dustbin
be based on This film is based ___________ a long story.
17.need 既可以用着实义动词(need sth. / need to do sth./ don't need to do sth. / Do you need to do sth.)，也可以用着情态动词 ( need do sth. /needn't do sth. / Need sb. do sth.? )。
用着情态动词时，多用于否定句和疑问句时。
注意：need 用着情态动词时无三单式也无过去形式，换句话说：needs 和needed不是情态动词用法因而后面不能接动词原形。 You needn't talk so loud . = You don't need to talk so loud.
Need we set off at once? =Do we need to set off at once?
另外，当表示“某物需要怎么样”用sth. need doing. 或need to be done 试比较：
I need to mend my bike. = My bike needs ___________ .=My bike needs ______________________.