l allow
allowance n. allowable adj.
l To let do or happen; permit:准许,容许:准许:We allow smoking only in restricted areas.
l To permit the presence of:允许…的进入:No pets are allowed inside.
allow+(名)/doing: I’ll never allow such behavior.
allow+(名)人+to do: My parents won’t allow me to stay out late.
l pierce
piercing adj. piercingly adv.(副词)
(常与with连用)刺穿;戳入
The man pierced it with a knife.
The needle pierced the material.
l license
n. 执照;许可证
a license to drive a car驾驶汽车的执照
The policeman asked to see his driving license.警察要求看他的驾驶执照。
vt.准许;发给执照;批准
We are sure that these purchases will soon be licensed.我们相信订货不久可得到批准。
〔注意在美语中名词和动词均为license,而在英语中license是动词,而名词则为licence。〕
l silly
sil.li.er, sil.li.est sillily adv. silliness n.
be silly to do=it is silly +of +人+to do
You are silly to spend so much on clothes.=It’s silly of you to spend so much money on clothes.
l earring
通常用复数形式 She wore golden earrings.她戴金耳环。
l instead of
prep.(介词)In place of; rather than:代替;宁愿:
ordered chicken instead of fish.点了鸡而不是鱼
l stay up 熬夜 stay on 续留;不走 stay away from 离开某人; 缺席 stay out 在外过夜
l strict
be strict with 对于…严格 First of all, you must be strict with yourself.
in the strict sense of word 严格说来
l concentrate
l 集中(注意力、思想等+on)
Concentrate on your work.集中精神工作。
A driver should concentrate on the road when driving.
l 集中于某处;使集中于一点
concentrate rays of light into a focus
Industrial development is being concentrated in the west of the country.
l volunteer
vt., vi.(常与to连用)自愿去做,主动请求去做We all volunteered to paint the house.
(常与for连用)作为志愿者,志愿参军 volunteer for the army
n. 常与for连用, 表“对…的(自愿)” Are there volunteers for the event?
l local
locally adv.) localness n.
adj. 某地的〔特别是自己所居住的〕
local news 当地新闻 local customs某地特有的风俗 local government 地方政府
n.c. 通常用复数形式locals, 本地人,当地居民
local color 地方色彩 local time 当地时间
l perform
[per-彻底,完全+form形状。造成完全的形状即为完成,执行]
performance n.
perform a trick 表演特技 perform one’s promise 履行承诺
[perform, execute [5eksikju:t], accomplish [E5kCmpliF], achieve [E5tFi:v], effect [i5fekt], fulfill [ful5fil], discharge [dis5tFB:dV]] 这些动词都表示执行以完成。
l Perform 是采取某行动、任务或步骤;通常暗含对适当形式的遵守或技艺或小心的执行:
The orchestra and chorus performed an Easter oratorio. 乐团和合唱队表演了复活节圣乐。
l Execute 暗指根据计划或设计来完成任务或使某事产生影响:
execute the terms of a will 执行遗嘱
l Accomplish 暗示成功地完成某事,常指需要坚韧与才能来完成的事:
“Make one brave push and see what can be accomplished in a week” (Robert Louis Stevenson).
“做一次勇敢的尝试看看一周后能获得什么” (罗伯特·路易丝·史蒂文森)。
l Achieve 尤指通过努力或克服困难而获得某物; 本词常意指重大的结果:
“Some are born great . . . Some achieve greatness . . . And some have greatness thrust upon them” (Shakespeare).
“一些人天生伟大…一些人取得英名…而一些人则具有强加于他们的伟大” (莎士比亚)。
l Effect 指某因素造成预定结果的力量:
The new manager effected several changes in the company.新来的经理在公司里促成了好几次改革。
l Fulfill 指达到某期望或满足某要求、愿望或需求:
It is unrealistic to hope that all one's desires can be fulfilled. 希望自己的所有欲望都得到满足是不现实的。
She fulfilled her obligations〔[7Cbli5^eiFEn]n.义务, 职责〕 to her parents.她尽了自己对父母的责任。
l primary
adj. more~, most~ primarily adv.
l 主要的;首要的a matter of primary importance头等重要大事
l 根本的,原始的[无比较级变化]the primary meaning of a word
l 初级的,初等的〔无比较级变化〕primary education
l material
n. c/u
l 素材,材料〔for〕: material for a comedy喜剧的素材
l 用具、设备[用复数]:writing materials书写工具
raw material 原料
Plastic is a widely used material. 塑料是使用广泛的材料。
adj.——spiritual
l 物质的material civilization 物质文明
l 决定性的,关键的〔有比较级变化〕material evidence{ [5evidEns]证据, 证物}
l chat
谈天;闲聊〔with〕
n. [An informal, light conversation ] to have a chat闲聊
v. The two friends sat in a corner and chatted away about their vacation plan.两个朋友坐在角落里闲聊假期安排。
chatter[5tFAtE] :喋喋不休的谈
speak: 演说
相关词汇:
babble[5bAbl]:呀呀学语 talk:谈论或讨论,说服某人做事 prattle [5prAtl]:说孩子气的话, 说半截话, 闲聊
gossip[5^Csip]:流言蜚语;背后议论人长短 lecture[5lektFE]:学术演讲,训诫, 说教
l lifestyle
相关词组:
lifetime 一生
lifelike 逼真的
lifeboat 救生船
lifeless 无生气的
the latest style 最新流行样式
a friendlier style 更亲切的态度
out of style 过时
in a formal style 正式的文体
l include
inclusive adj. including prep. inclusion n. exclude[反] contain [同]
〔include, comprise, comprehend, embrace, involve, contain〕
这些动词都有把某事物包括进另一些大的事物,使之成为其一部分的意思。
l Include 和comprise[kEm5praIz] 均指把人或事物包括进去并成为其组成的部分。
l Comprise 通常指所有的成分都是固定的:
The book comprises (that is, consists of or is composed of) 15 chapters. 这本书有(意思是由…组成) 15章。
l Include 和其余的几个词语一样,更多是指不完全的纳入:
The price will include an amount for postage in my payment. 我的付款将包含邮费。
l Comprehend [7kCmpri5hend] 和embrace[im5breis] 通常指纳入一些附属性的成分:
The study of art comprehends both aesthetic and intellectual considerations. 艺术学习中既包括美学,又包括知识的学习。
No single theory can embrace and explain every facet of human behavior. 没有一种理论能包括并阐释人类行为的每个方面。
l Involve[in5vClv] 通常作为一种逻辑推理的结果或必需条件而被包括进去:
All the children were involved in the school play.所有的孩子都参加了学校排练的剧。
l Contain [kEn5tein] 表示包含或拥有(某物)以作为一部分或一组分:
This drawer contains all the cutlery[5kQtlEri] we own. 这个抽屉里盛放着我们所有的刀叉餐具。
l stuff
n. u.[口语中指不知名字的情形或不需要清楚说出来的东西或事情]
l 材料;物品green stuff 蔬菜
l 原料;物质There's some white stuff on this plate. 这个盘子上有些白色的东西。
do one’s stuff 发挥本领 know one’s stuff 能干,内行Stuff and nonsense! 胡说! That’s the stuff! 不错,好主意!
l recent
more~, most~; recently adj. new,modern [同]
The way of life has changed a great deal in recent years.
l equipment
n.u. equip装备+ -ment名词后缀 apparatus[7ApE5reitEs] [同]
l 必需品;设备
office equipment办公室设备
Our school has been given some new equipment.我们学校有了一些赠送的新设备。
l (工作中必备的)知识、技术
linguistic equipment 语言的素养〔知识〕
equip v. equipped, equipping [ 常与with 连接,表装备于…; 与for 连接,表为…而准备…]
factories equipped with all the modern machinery 备有全新机器的工厂
Proper{[5prCpE]一定的} education will equip one for a job.接受一定的教育就使你具备就业的能力。
l digital
digit n. [阿拉伯数字,0-9中的任何一个]; digitally adv.
"A digital watch shows the time by electronically lit up numbers, e.g. 1021." "数字手表是用电子显示数字来表示时间的,例如1021。"
l tropical
tropic n./adj.[=tropical]
l 热带的; 热带性的 a tropical plant热带植物
l 炎热的,酷热的 tropical weather炎热的天气
l develop
vt., vi. developer n. [开发商人,启发者]; developed/developing adj. development n.
l 发展;壮大;完善;生长
Plants develop from seeds植物由种子发育而成。
Several industries are developing in this area.几种工业正在这个地区发展。
Some children develop more slowly than others.有的儿童比其他儿童发育得慢。
l 详述;规划出
to develop an idea详细地说明一个概念
l 显影;冲洗
develop a photograph冲洗照片
l net
n.
网, 网络a butterfly net捕蝶网 a mosquito net 蚊帐
adj.
l 纯的:扣除所有开支后剩下的,如开销:net profit.净利润
l 扣除皮重剩下的:net weight.净重
l 最后的;结束的:the net result.最后成绩
l flash
n.c. (光、火焰等的)闪烁; v. 闪光 adj. 瞬间的
flash, gleam[^li:m], glance[^lB:ns], glint[^lint], sparkle[5spB:kl], glitter[5^litE], glisten[^lisn], shimmer, glimmer[5FimE], twinkle[5twiNkl], scintillate[5sintileit]
这些动词都指发光。
l Flash 指的是突然的、明亮的但短暂的发光:
A bolt of lightning flashed across the horizon. 一道闪电划过地平线。
l Gleam 暗指在黑色的背景上不断出现的短暂亮光:
“The light gleams an instant, then it's night once more.” “光亮闪了一会儿,然后马上又变成了黑夜”
l Glance 最常用于指间接反射的光:
Moonlight glanced off the windows of the darkened building. 月光照在黑暗的建筑物的窗户上。
l Glint 用以指短暂的发光或闪亮:
Rays of sun glinted among the autumn leaves. 太阳光穿过秋叶照射下来。
l Sparkle 指一系列迅速闪动的高亮度小闪光
crystal that sparkled in the candlelight在烛光下闪烁的水晶
l glitter 是具有更高亮度的相似的一系列光点
glittering mirrors闪亮的镜子
l glister 是发亮并伴随有闪闪的光泽:
The snow glistened in the dawn light. 雪在黎明的曙光中闪耀。
l Shimmer 意思是以柔和的、颤动的光照射:
“Everything about her shimmered and glimmered softly, as if her dress had been woven out of candle-beams” (Edith Wharton).
“她四周的所有物体都发出柔和的光,仿佛她的衣服是由烛光织成的” (埃迪斯·瓦顿)。
l Glimmer 指的是微弱的、迅速消失的光:
a glimmer of hope一线希望
Twinkle 就是迅速地、间歇地发光或闪亮:
“a few stars, twinkling faintly{[`feIntlI]微弱地, 朦胧地} in the deep blue of the night sky” “几颗星星在深蓝色的夜空中微微闪烁着”
Scintillate 用来指如同源源不断的河流上发出的光:
“ammonium {[E5mEunjEm] 铵} chloride{[5klC:raid]氯化物} . . . depositing{ [di5pCzitiN]
沉降, 沉积} minute scintillating crystals on the windowpanes” (Primo Levi). “氯化铵…在窗玻璃上凝结成闪烁的晶体” (普里莫·列维)
l animation
animate v. [使…有活力] animated [有生气的,栩栩如生的] inanimation 〔反〕
n.u. 活气,朝气 n.c.卡通片
l direction
n. c/u [for +n. …的指示]
l 命令;指示;指令under my direction由我指挥
l 前进的方向;方位In which direction are you going, north or south?你准备往哪个方向走?向北还是向南?
What direction does this exhibition hall face?展览馆朝什么方向?
l (pl) 用法说明 Full directions inside.内附详细说明书。
l natural
adj. unnatural 〔反〕; nature n. naturally adv.
l 天然的,自然的; 非人造的 Milk is the natural food for young babies.牛奶是婴儿的天然食物。
l 非人力控制的;非人可以解释的a natural explanation for the strange event奇异事件的自然解释
l 通常的;平常的;普通的 It's natural to shake hands with sb. you've just met.跟初次见面的人握手是件平常的事情。
l 本来的;不做作的 A small child's behavior is usually natural.小孩儿的举止一般是不做作的。
l 生来的;天赋的 natural gifts天赋的才能
l 无须人教导的;天生的;本能的a natural musician天生的音乐家
l effort
n. u/c effortless [反] {ef=off 出来,fort 来自拉丁语fortis 力量。把力量使出来,就是“努力”的意思}
effort+at+n. effort +to do
Make an effort to arrive promptly.尽力早些赶到 redouble one’s effort 加倍努力
spare no effort 不遗余力 make an effort 尽力
〔effort, exertion[i^5zE:FEn], endeavor[in5devE], application[7Apli5keiFEn], pains[pein], trouble〕
这些名词表示为完成某事而耗费体力或精力。
l Effort 指或大或小的尝试来做某事,没有其它限定词时,常表示花了不少时间、精力或人力:
“What is written without effort is in general read without pleasure” (Samuel Johnson). “不费劲写出的东西常会读之无趣” (塞缪尔·约翰生)。
l Exertion 表示充沛精力的耗费:
“England has saved herself by her exertions” (William Pitt the Younger). “英格兰通过自己的努力解救了自己” (小威廉·庇特)。
l Endeavor 意指完成某一严肃的目标而努力:
“There must be positive endeavors to preserve peace” (Franklin D. Roosevelt). “肯定会有人尽力维护和平的” (弗兰克林·D·罗斯福)。
l Application 暗指勤奋、持之以恒和努力工作之意:
He succeeded in his studies by dint of steadfast application. 由于坚持不懈的努力他获得了学业上的成功。
l Pains 暗指集中的或勤劳的努力:
“Genius is an infinite capacity for taking pains” (Jane Ellice Hopkins). “天才往往吃无尽的苦” (简·爱丽丝·霍布金斯)。
l Trouble 指那些引起不便或干扰的努力:
Many people watch the news on television to save themselves the trouble of reading the newspaper. 许多人看电视新闻而省去读报的麻烦
l youth
n. youths
l 青年时期;青少年时期In his youth he was a soldier.他年轻时当过兵。
l 年轻人;男青年His brother is a member of a youth fellowship {[5felEuFip]团体}. 他哥哥是青年联谊会的会员。
l 青少年the youth of the country这个国家的青少年
l proud
adj. ~er;~est proudly (proud) adv. pride n.
be proud of 以…自豪; be proud to do 因做…而自豪
l 自尊的;自重的They're poor but proud.他们虽然穷但很自重。
l 骄傲的;自负的He is proud of his daughter's ability to speak four languages.他为女儿能说四种语言而骄傲。
l 自豪的;引以为荣的He is proud that his wife is amenable{ [E5mi:nEbl]有义务的} to reason."他的妻子是个通情达理的人,为此他引以为豪。"
do a person proud 使某人满意,厚待某人
l value
n.价值
What is the value of your house?你的房子值多少钱?
Your help has been of great value.你的帮助很有价值。
vt.
l 估价;定价He valued the ring at $80.他估计这枚戒指值80美元。
l 尊重;珍视I value your advice.我尊重你的劝告。
l independence
in-不+depend 依赖+-ence 名词后缀
independent adj. independently adv. dependence [反]
l freedom
free adj. {~er, ~est }freely adv.{more, most}
freedom + of …的自由 freedom +to do 做…的是自由的
[freedom, liberty [5libEti]]
这些名词都指不受外界强加的限制的行动、言论或思考的权利。
l Freedom 是最常用的词条
“In giving freedom to the slave, we assure freedom to the free” (Abraham Lincoln).
“给奴隶自由之后,我们保证所有自由人的自由” (亚伯拉罕·林肯)。
l Liberty 常和freedom 交替使用; 但它常常特别强调自由选择的权利:
liberty of opinion思想自由; liberty of worship [5wE:Fip]信仰自由;
at liberty to choose whatever occupation she wishes; 自由地选择她希望的任何职业;
l advise
advice n. adviser n.顾问
[advise, counsel [5kaunsEl], recommend [rekE5mend]]
这些动词所共的中心意思为“向某人提出有关决定或行为过程的建议”:
advised him to take advantage of the opportunity; 建议他利用这个机会;
will counsel her to be prudent; 劝告她要审慎;
recommended that we wait. 建议我们等待。
advise + on +n.就…提出建议 advise + n./doing 提建议 advise +人+to do 忠告某人做…
l normal
adj. more, most normality n. normalize v. normally adv. abnormal [反]
l 正常的;常态的; The normal price of a ticket if $230!一张票的正常价格是230英镑。
智力正常的;身心健全的a normal child智力正常的儿童