复习要点： 1. 单词拼写 2. 词语释义 3. 词形转换
1. 单词拼写考查的重点是初中三册书中要求四会的单、双音节词。考题形式为“根据句意，补全单词中所缺字母，使补全后的句子通顺合理。其中单词所缺的字母主要以元音字母和元音字母组合为主。本题要求学生根据句子意思和所给单词的部分提示字母，明确单词空格位置和空格多少，根据读音规则推测出所要填写的字母。” 例如：（1）Peter ran very f__st and passed several players in the basketball match.[分析]本题空格单词在实义动词ran后面，应该为副词。根据句意填字母a，单词fast表达“快地”意思。
（2）What is she w__ __ __ing? A coat.
[分析]本题空格单词在谓语部分，根据答语a coat表示“穿的衣服”，所以填字母组合ear，这样is wearing表示“穿着”指状态。
（3）Lin Tao __ __ ways gets on with his classmates.
[分析]根据谓语动词gets的形式和位置可以推测出所填单词应该为频率副词。又因为提示字母为ways，所以选择字母al，这样副词always常用于一般现在时，放于行为动词之前、系统词之后，它是“总是；一直”的意思，符合题意。
2. 词语释义
做这种类型的题时，首先要看懂句子所表达的意思；其次是要判断单词或词组在句中的确切含义；最后选择最贴近它的含义的选项。
例如：（1）I’m too busy today. I have a lot of work to do.
（2）A lot of people visit the Great Wall every day.
A. some B. much C. many D. a few
[分析] a lot of 是“很多”的意思，它既有many的意思，又有much的意思。句（1）中a lot of 后面的名词work是不可数的，所以选B；句（2）中a lot of后面的名词people是可数的，所以选C。Some既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词，但是它的意思是“一些”；a few修饰可数名词，是指“少数几个”，因此some和a few所表示的量都不如a lot of多，这两个选项不符合题意。
复习时要掌握常见的同义词、反义词以及近义词、词组的用法。中考中常见的词或短语的释义如下：

1.常用的反义词：
same－different easy－hard, difficult cheap－dear, expensive clean－dirty
full－empty slow－fast, quick hungry－full more－less
dangerous－safe heavy－light strong－weak right－wrong
thin－thick high－low
2) 短语的释义：
be able to can catch a cold have a cold arrive at (in)
reach /get to hear from get (receive) a letter from look up a word
find a word in a dictionary pay for give money for sth. right away at once
send for ask sb. to come take care of look after fall behind
fail to catch up hold on wait a moment a lot of / lost of many / much have a drink drink take a look have a look / look at last in the end just now a short time ago do some shopping go shopping / buy something walk on go on walking be good at do well in at first at the beginning fall asleep get to sleep ring sb. up telephone / call sb. look for
try to find hurry up be quick for long for a long time fly to a place
go to a place by air take your time don't hurry enjoy oneself
have a good time prefer … to … like … better than … walk to school
go to school on foot wash clothes do some washing feel like doing
want to do be full of be filled with all the time day and night later on at a later time
3) 常见词的释义：almost nearly glad happy / pleased hardly almost not perhaps maybe return come back/go back beside next to teach sb. give lessons to sb. leave go away from over more than soon before long
wash make clean with water now at the moment visit go to see
3. 词形转换
词形转换考查的内容较多，本题主要考查词形变化。出题形式是用括号内所给的适当形式填空，这就要求学生在理解句子意思和结构的基础上，灵活运用词法的基本知识。 基础的词形转换主要有：名词变复数；形容词和副词的比较级和最高级；基数词变序数词；人称代词的主格、宾格，物主代词；还要了解名词变形容词；形容词变副词；反身代词；动词变名词等。
I 名词变复数
规则变化的名词有：
1) 一般情况下在名词词尾加s 如：bag－bags; pear－pears; desk－desks
2) 以s, x, sh, ch结尾的名词加es
如：bus－buses; box－boxes; brush－brushes; watch－watches
3) 以辅音字母＋y结尾的名词，把y变成i再加es 如：baby－babies; story－stories
4) 以元音字母＋y线尾的名词直接加s如：play－plays; boy－boys; holiday－holidays
5) 以o结尾的名词，大部分加s 如：radio－radios; photo－photos
但是部分加es，如：tomato－tomatoes; potato－potatoes
6) 以f, fe结尾的名词，去掉f、fe再加ves 如：knife－knives; leaf－leaves; life－lives
不规则变化的名词有：
1) 改变中间元音字母的 如：man－men; woman－women; foot－feet tooth－teeth
2) 词尾加字母的 如：child－children
3) 单、复数形式相同的如：sheep; Chinese; Japanese
另外注意以下这几个词只有复数形式。
shoes; trousers, clothes; stockings; socks; glasses(眼镜)
Ⅱ 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级形式
规则变化 1) 单音节词和少数双音节词一般情况下在词尾加er, est
如：long－longer－longest; clever－cleverer－cleverest;
narrow－narrower－narrowest

2) 以不发音的e结尾的词尾加r, st 如：large－larger－largest; nice－nicer－nicest;
fine－finer－finest
3) 以辅音字母＋y结尾的词，反y变成i，再加er, est
如：happy－happier－happiest; easy－easier－easiest
类似变化的词还有：early, busy, angry, dry, heavy, hungry, lazy等。
4) 以一个辅音字母为结尾的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母，再加er, est如：big－bigger biggest; thin－thinner－thinnest类似变化的词还有：wet, fat, hot, sad, red.
5) 多音节词和部分双音节词，在其词前加上more 构成比较级；加上most构成最高级 如：useful－more useful－most useful important－more important－most important 注：slowly和quickly虽然也是以辅音字母+y结尾的，但它们是由形容词slow和quick加上后缀ly构成的副词，因此它们的比较级和最高级应在其词前加more和most。
不规则变化 little―less―least
Ⅲ. 基数词变序数词
1) 要牢记1－12的序数词形式
one－first two－second three－third four－fourth five－fifth six－sixth
seven－seventh eight－eighth nine－ninth ten－tenth eleven－eleventh
twelve－twelfth
2) 20－90这些整十位基数词把y变成ieth构成序数词
如：twenty－twentieth; forty－fortieth
3) 21－99的基数词，十位数里基数词，个位数改为序数词 如：twenty-one→twenty-first; fifty-nine→fifty-ninth 4) 其它序数词的变化都在原基数词词尾加th。
如：hundred－hundredth
Ⅳ. 人称代词的主格、宾格、物主代词及反身代词。
要求：要熟练掌握表格并能正确运用
（1）人称代词 1) 人称代词作主语时用主格；作宾语时（作动词或介词宾语）用宾格；作表语用时用宾格较多，特别是在口语中，如：It's me.
如：We are looking for him.
(主语) （介词宾语）
She often helps me.
（主语） （动词宾语）
2) 在并列主语时，习惯把第一人称放在后面。如：You and I; You, he and I
（2）物主代词 形容词性物主代词只能作定语修饰名词。
名词性物主代词可以独立使用，在句中作主语、宾语和表语。名词性物主代词＝形容词性物主代词＋名词（如：mine = my bike）。
如：This is not my bike. Mine is over there.
（定语） （主语）
This bike is hers.
（表语）
Our classroom is not big. I like theirs.
（定语） （宾语）
（3）反身代词
1) 作主语的同位语，可以放在主语后或放在句末，起加强语气的作用，可以译成“自己”、“亲自”、“本人”。 如：I mended the bike myself.
She herself will clean the room. We can finish the work ourselves.
2) 作宾语，可以放在动词或介词后面。
如：He can look after himself.
注：要记住下列有反身代词的短语：enjoy oneself (过得愉快)；teach oneself(自学)；learn by oneself (自学)；leave one by oneself (把某人单独留下)；all by oneself (全靠自己)；help yourself to （随便吃……）　
Ⅴ. 名词变形容词
1) 在名词词尾加ful（下列名词也可作动词用）
如：use－useful； help－helpful; care－careful;
注：可以同时记住thankful（感激的）； forgetful（健忘的）
2) 在名词词尾加y变成形容词表示天气。
如：sun－sunny; cloud－cloudy; wind－windy;
rain－rainy; snow－snowy; ice－icy
3) 特殊的变化：friend－friendly; love－lovely（可爱的）
Ⅵ. 形容词变副词
1) 一般情况下在形容词词尾+ly构成副词。
如：bad－badly; careful－carefully; polite－politely
2) 以辅音字母＋y结尾的形容词，去y变i，再加ly变成副词。
如：happy－happily; angry－angrily; easy－easily
3) 特殊变化的：true－truly; terrible－terribly
注：good的副词是well，而well作“健康的”讲时是形容词。
如：How are you? I'm very well.
Ⅶ. 动词变名词
1)一般在动词后面加er变为名词，表示动作的执行者。
如：clean－cleaner; wait－waiter; speak－speaker
play－player; read－reader; farm－farmer
work－worker; sing－singer; farm－farmer
2)以不发音的e为结尾的动词加r变为名词。
如：write－writer; dance－dancer; drive－driver
3)以一个辅音字母为结尾的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母，再加er。
如：run－runner; win－winner
4)特殊变化的：
visit－visitor; invent－inventor; invent－invention; operate－operation

　　　　　　[能力训练]

A.根据句意，补全单词中所缺字母，使补全后的句子通顺合理。
1)Mrs. Green has alr__ __dy prepared a delicious cake for the children.
2)Li Hong took out her notebook and b__g__n to write.
3)I don't l__ke playing table tennis.
4)There are a lot of tr__ __ __on each side of the street.
5)My pencil is too sh__ __t. I have to buy a new one.
6)“Which is the best s__ __son of the year in Beijing?” “Autumn”.
7)The workers are b__sy working though it is very hot.
8)The f__lm is not interesting. Few of them want to see it .
9)The radio says it will be r__ __n__ later on. Take an umbrella with you.
10)I'll lend the magazine to you as s__ __n as I read it.
11)I h__pe everyone will have a good summer holiday.
12)“how are you f__ __ling now, John?”“A little better.”
13)She can't decide wh__th__ __ she will buy the blouse.
14)it's f__ __ from here. You'd better catch a bus.
15)“How many kinds of an__mal__ have they got on the farm?” “Many”.
16)Tom failed in the exam. I w__ __ld like to help him with his lessons.
17)Bill is a good boy and studies hard. We should l__ __ __n from him.
18)Take this m__d__c__ne and have a good rest. You will be well soon.
19)“What's the time?” “Sorry, I can't find my w__t__ __.”
答案：
1) already [分析]本题时态为现在完成时，根据句意，此处为副词。再根据已给字母和该词在句中的位置，正确答案是already，它的意思是“已经”。
2) began [分析]根据动词不定式和句子的前后意思，应判断出该词为动词。因为took为一般过去时态，and 后面的该动词也应是过去式，故正确答案为began。
3) like [分析]该词在助动词don't后面应为动词原形。根据句意，“喜欢做某事”常用like doing sth表示，所以正确答案为like。
4) trees [分析]本题用了There be句型，be后面应为名词作主语，a lot of 修饰可数名词复数，根据句意，正确答案为trees.
5) short [分析]系动词后面可以跟形容词或名词，因为有副词too 可推断出该词为形容词。根据句意和所给字母，正确答案为short.
6) season [分析]答语autumn“秋天”为季节，根据所给字母该词为名词season。
7) busy [分析]根据句子结构可推断出短语be busy doing“忙于做……”，故are后面应为形容词busy。
8) film [分析]该词与前面的定冠词一起作主语，所以应为名词。根据句意和动词see确定答案为film。因为“看电影”用see a film。
9) rainy [分析]根据umbrella（雨伞）可判断出该词与下雨有关。根据句意和系动词be，答案为rainy表示“下雨的，阴雨的”。
10) soon [分析]根据句子结构可判断该词与as …as一起作连词。又根据句意和所给字母确定答案为soon。as soon as 表示“一……就……”。
11) hope [分析]该词后面为宾语从句表示祝愿，所以该词应为动词。根据所给字母，正确答案为hope。
12) feeling [分析]疑问副词how用来表示方式和程度。答语a little better是感觉出的程度。根据句子结构和句意，正确答案为动词feeling。
13) whether [分析]根据句子结构可推断出该词为连词。再根据句意和所给字母确定答案为whether，表示“是否”。
14) far [分析]首先It's后面应为形容词。根据catch a bus （乘公共汽车）可推断该词要表示“远”这一意思，故正确答案为far。
15) animals [分析]因为有在农场，根据所给字母和many kinds of 确定答案为动物的复数形式animals。
16) would [分析]根据句意和不定式短语，可推断出要表达“想要做……”这一意思。又根据所给字母，正确答案为would. would like恰好表达上面意思。
17) learn [分析]助动词should 后面应为动词原形。根据句意确定答案为learn。短语learn from表示“向……学习”。
18) medicine [分析]根据句意和所给字母可直接推断出名词medicine.
19〕 subjects [分析]maths“数学”是一个学科，根据句意，所填单词应表示“科目”，再根据所给字母确定答案为subjects。
20) watch [分析]time表示“时间”。根据句意和所给字母确定答案为名词watch。B．词语释义
选择适当的单词或词组替换下列各句中的划线部分。
（ ）1)Aunt Huang is looking after the children.
A. looking for B. looking at C. taking care of
（ ）2) Miss Zhao has taught us for over two years.
A. more than B. about C. nearly
（ ）3)Have you heard from your uncle yet?
A. heard of B. got a letter from C. written to
（ ）4)There are some eggs on the plate. A. a little
B. several C. few
（ ）5)Will you please tell him to ring me up tonight?
A. telephone me B. wake me up C. wait for me
（ ）6) At last I caught up with them.
A. By the end of B. At the end of C. In the end
（ ）7) The students visited the farm yesterday.
A. went to see B. looked at C. reached
（ ）8) It's difficult to guess the result. A. easy
B. important C. hard
（ ）9) “may I speak to Betty, please?” “Hold on for a moment, please.”
A. Wait for B. Wait C. Go on
（ ）10) I'm very happy to see you here.
A. worried B. lucky C. glad
（ ）11) My father will be back in a minute.
A. on time B. soon C. from now on
12) Grandpa Li is ill. We must send for the doctor at once.
A.give the doctor a call B.ask the doctor to come C.send the doctor to buy some medicine
（ ）13) She has just returned.
A. gave back B. come back C.arrived
（ ）14) The boy often goes to school on foot.
A. comes to school on time.
B.goes to school by bus C.walks to school
（ ）15) Did you enjoy yourselves at the party?
A. have a rest B. look after yourselves
C. have a good time
16) The box is not heavy. I can carry it easily. A. empty B. light C. small
17) He got up late and didn't catch the early bus.
A. missed B.lost C. fell off
（ ）18) “Thank you for helping me.” “Not at all”.
A. That's right. B. It doesn't matter C. You're welcome
（ ）19) I'm afraid Jim is weak in Chinese.
A. isn’t good at B. doesn’t study at
C. isn’t interested in
20) “What are you going to do this afternoon?” “I have no idea”.
A. don’t think so B. don’t know C. want to do nothing
答案：1) C [分析]look after表示“照顾”；look for 是指“寻找”；look at是指“看”；take care of 意思是“照看，照顾”，故选项C正确。
2) A [分析]此句中的over表示“超出”；more than译为“多于”；about是“大约”；nearly表示“几乎，将近”，故选A正确。
3) B [分析]hear from是指“收到某人的信”，from后面跟人而不是跟信；hear of 指“听说”；get a letter from从字面上就可以看出“从……收到信”，write to 是指“给……写信”，故选B正确。
4) B [分析]some表示“一些”，即可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。a little表示“一点儿”。用来修饰不可数名词；several是指“几个”，只能修饰可数名词；few修饰可数名词，但它表示否定意义，故选项B正确。
5) A [分析]ring me up表示“给我打电话”；telephone me 正含有此意，故选项A正确。Wake me up是指“叫醒我”；wait for me指“等我”。
6) C [分析]at last表示“最后；终于”；by the end of是指“到……为止”；at the end of 表示“在……末端”；in the end 表示“最后”，故选项C正确。
7) A [分析]visit在此句中表示“参观”；go to see字面上含有此意，故选项A正确。Look at 是“看”的意思；reach表示“到达”。
8) C [分析]本题主要考查同义词。difficult与hard都有“困难，难的”意思，故选项C正确。
9) B [分析]hold on用于打电话中是“别挂断，稍侯”的意思；wait for表示“等待”，与句中for重复了；go on 是指“继续”，故选项B正确。
10) C [分析]glad与happy是同义词，都有“高兴的”意思，故选项C正确。
11) B [分析]in a minute在此不是强调一分钟，而是表示“一会儿”；on time指“准时”；soon译成“不久”；from now on是“从现在起”的意思，故选项B正确。
12) B [分析]send for the doctor是指“派人去请医生”；选项A指“给医生打电话”；选项B指“请医生来”；选项C指“派医生去买药，由此可见B正确。
13) B [分析]return在此表示“归来”；give back 是指“归还”；come back意思是“回来”；arrive是“到达”之意，故选项B正确。14) C [分析]on foot表示“步行”；选项C中的walk 表示“步行；走”，故C正确。
15) C [分析]enjoy oneself表示“过得愉快”; have a rest指“休息一会儿”；look after指“照看自己”；have a good time是“玩得高兴，过得愉快”之意，故选项C正确。16) B [分析]heavy与light互为反义词，表示“重与轻”，故选项B正确。选项A与C均表达得不确切。
17) A [分析]not catch在此表示“没赶上”；miss有“错过”之意；lose是指“丢失”；fall off指“从……摔下来”，故选项A正确。
18) C [分析]本题主要考查交际用语。Not at all, 与You’re welcome是同一种表达方式，表示“不客气”，是一种歉虚的说法，故选项C正确。选项A表示“行了，好吧”；选项B表示“不要紧”，这两个选项用的场合不对。
19) A [分析]be weak in 表示“在……弱”；be not good at 指“不擅长”，故选项A正确。选项B表示“不学”；选项C表示“对……不感兴趣”，均不符合题意。
20) B [分析]I have no idea, 与I don't know意思相同，故选择B。 选项A表示“我不这样认为”；选项C表示“我想什么都不做”，这两个选项均不符合题意。

C．用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。
1)Peter is one of the tallest ________ in our school. (boy)
2)Can you come with _____________?(I)
3)September is the ___________ month of the year. (nine)
4)____________ turn yellow in autumn. (leaf)
5)Grandma Zhang lives on the ______________ floor. (two)
6)The scientist gave _____________ a talk yesterday. (they)
7)We are going to work in _____ school factory next week. (we)
8)Every year a lot of _____ come to the Great Wall. (visit)
9)The___ from No. 8 Middle School won the relay race. (run)
10)What a ________ day! Shall we go climbing? (sun)
11)“Is this LiLy’s ruler?” “No,__________ is on the desk.”(her)
12)You’d better come to school________ tomorrow than today. (early)
13)Which is the __________ picture of all? (beautiful)
14)Look. The ________ are flying kites in the park. (child)
15)Which city is ________, Guangzhou or Shanghai? (big)
16)Whose dictionary is this? It’s_________ (my)
17)There is _____ milk in this bottle than in that one. (little)
18)Which season do you like___________, spring, summer, autumn or winter? (well)
19)Jean was _______ ill last week and she didn’t go to school. (terrible)
20)We are ________, but we can speak English. (China).
答案：1)boys [分析]one of 表示“其中之一”，后面跟形容词的最高级加名词复数，又因为元音字母加y结尾的名词变为复数时直接加s， 故正确答案为boys。
2)me [分析]with为介词，后面跟人称代词的宾格，故正确答案为me。3)ninth [分析]定冠词the后面接序数词，“第九”为ninth较特殊。
4)leaves [分析]句中谓语动词turn为原形可推断出主语应为复数名词。以f结尾的去f变为ves，因为在句首要大写，故正确答案为Leaves.
5)second [分析]two的序数词形式为second，短语live on the second floor指“住在二层”。6)them [分析]gave为动词，后面跟宾语。人称代词要用宾格形式，故正确答案为them.7)our [分析]school factory为名词，前面应为形容词性物主代词作定语，故正确答案为our.8)visitors [分析]a lot of 后面跟可数名词的复数。动词visit加or构成名词，故正确答案为visitors.
9)runners [分析]该词作主语应为名词。动词run为重读闭音词，变为名词时要先双写词尾字母再加er，又因为是“接力赛”，所以用复数形式，故正确答案为runners.
10)sunny [分析]根据句子结构可判断出该空为形容词作定语。名词sun加ny变为形容词，意思是“阳光充足的”，用来指天气。
11)hers [分析]根据句意，该空指“她的尺子”，因为作主语，所以用名词性物主代词，故正确答案为hers。
12)earlier [分析]有连词than用比较级。以辅音字母+y结尾的，去y变i再加er，故正确答案为副词earlier.
13）most beautiful [分析]有介词短语of all，形容词要用最高级。beautiful 为多音节词，它前面加most构成最高级形式。
14）children [分析]且动词是are，主语应为复数名词，故正确答案为children。
15）bigger [分析]两个城市比较要用形容词的比较级。big为重读闭音节词，变为比较级时要先双写词尾再加er。
16）mine [分析]该空作表语，所以用名词性物主代词，故正确答案为mine。
17）less [分析]根据then 可推断出该空用比较级。little属于不规则变化词，故正确答案为less。
18)best [分析]因为比较的是四季，所以要用副词的最高级。well属不规则变化，它的最高级形式是best。
19)terribly [分析]be ill表示“生病”，ill为形容词，它前面的修饰词应为副词。terrible为形容词变为副词时将e变为y。
20)Chinese [分析]China是国名。根据句意表示“中国人”用chinese。因为主语是we， 所以这时的Chinese为复数（它的单、复形式相同）。另外注意表示“某国人”的名词要大写。