定语从句讲解和练习
一、概念: He is the boy who often goes to school late.
先行词 关系词 定语从句
二、原则： a.定语从句必须紧紧地跟在先行词后面，限制修饰先
行词。
b.定语从句必须用关系词来引导。
c.关系词在定语从句中作一个句子成分.
三、扩大. She is the old woman whom I saw this morning.
Mary is the girl whose parents work in Japan.
Is this the key which you are looking for?
October 1, 1949 is the day when New China was founded.
This is the house where the great man was born.
I don’t know the reason why she looks unhappy today.
四、下列定语从句只能用that来引导：
1.先行词为形容词最高级所修饰
This is the longest bridge that I have ever seen.
2.先行词为序数词所修饰
I happened to be the thousandth guest that visited the great hotel.
This is the first composition that he has ever written in English.
3.先行词既包括人又包括物
They talked of things and persons that happened in the school.
He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.
4.主句是who或which开头的特殊疑问句中的定语从句
Who is the man that came this morning?
Which is the bag that you lost?
5.先行词为the only, the very, the last, the same所修饰的定语从句
He is the very person that the police are looking for.
This is the only thing that I can remember.
6.先行词是everything, nothing, something, all, little, much,
everybody等不定代词
Tell us everything that you know, please.
Is there anything that you don’t understand?
7.先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much修饰时
All that glitters is not gold.
I’ve read all the books that you gave me.
五、“介词+ 关系词” 及关系副词when, where, why
1). The box is full of bottles. He is standing on the box.
----> The box on which he is standing is full of bottles.
The box where he is standing is full of bottles.
2). This is the train. We work on the train.
---->This is the train on which we work.
This is the train where we work.
3). I know the reason. She did it for the reason.
---->I know the reason for which she did it.
I know the reason why she did it.
4). The man is our school master. You shook hands with the man just
now.
----> The man with whom you shook hands is our schoolmaster.
5). The pen is made in Shanghai. She is writing with the pen.
----> The pen with which she is writing is made in Shanghai.
不能拆开的词组： look for / look after / catch hold of /take care of / put on / take off…….
六、非限制性定语从句只对先行词起补充，说明的作用，常用逗号分开。关系代词用who(m), which，关系副词用where ,when. 非限制性定语从句不能用that来引导.
This was the American Civil War, which lasted 4 years before the North won in the end.
He was taken to another room, where he found a wounded boy, who was dying.
七、as 作为关系代词， 习惯上用于下列词组：
the same....as such ...as as ... as， so…as
1. Take as many books as you want.
2. Here is so big a stone as no man can lift.
3. He read such books as will make him wiser.
4. The town is about the same distance from Nanjing as Yangzhou is.
As 用于非限制性定语从句，常见以下句型：
as you know, as we have seen, as is known to all, as anybody can see, as was expected, as we can imagine, as has been pointed out
as与which的用法区别：as与 which在非限制性定语从句中，都可指代整个主句，但as引导的从句可放在主句的句首, 句中或句尾， 而 which引导的从句只可放在主句的句尾
As we have seen, oceans cover more than 70 percent of the earth.
Oceans cover more than 70 percent of the earth, as we have seen.
She was awarded a gold medal, which the whole family considered a great honour.
八、the same…as, the same …that 的区别
This is the same bag as I lost yesterday. （相似的事物）
I am wearing the same coat that I wore yesterday. （同一事物）
九、定语从句和同位语从句的区别:
定语从句相当于形容词作定语， 对先行词加以限制或修饰，同位语从句相当于名词，对先行词加以补充或说明，连接词that在定语从句中充当某个成分，而that在同位语从句不充当句子成分.
The promise that my uncle gave me made us happy. （定语从句）
The promise that my uncle would give me a new bike made us happy. (同位语从句)
The news that they had won came.
十、关系代词what和that, which的区别:
先比较下列句子中的what和that:
He told us the things that he had seen.
--> He told us what he had seen.
This is the words which I said.
--> This is what I said.
可以看出what 实际上等于是 “the thing that(which)”, 即 “先行词+关系词”. 因此在句中如果已有先行词，则不能用what，而只能用that(which)，如没有先行词，则用what。what是 一个没有先行词的关系词。
定语从句练习
一. 用适当的关系词填空：
1. We are learning English, a language _____ is used in many places in
the world.
2. Most Americans love Chinese food, ____ is cooked in a different way from western food.
3. This magazine belongs to the teacher ____ teaches us history.
4. Anyone ____ comes to China will surely visit the Great Wall near Beijing.
5. Anyone ____ has a cold should have a good rest.
6. The house _____ stands on the top of the hill was built last month.
7. The medicine _____ he bought is good for your health.
8. He is the only person ______ saw the accident yesterday.
9. Tom is trying to read in the room _____ the others are watching TV.
10. We won’t forget the day _____the hero was killed.
11. The student _____ the teachers are talking about has won the first prize in the English contest.
12. The newspaper ____ you are reading is two days old.
13. Do you remember the time _______ we got lost in the park?
14. I’ll never forget the time ____ we spent together in the army camp.
15. They are building a hospital on the street ___ we used to live.
16. The present _____ he gave her yesterday evening is still unopened.
17. Happiness is one of the things _____ money cannot buy.
18. This is the hospital ______ her mother works.
19. I’ll never forget the day _______ I joined the League.
20. The house ________ was pulled down last week is being rebuilt.
21. The man _______ wife died last year has gone to Japan.
22. Tell me the reason ______ the American lady left.
23. Do you know the boy ______ was praised at the meeting?
24. I know the girl ________ the teacher praised yesterday.
25. Allen is the girl ________ I think will succeed in the test.
26. Everything ____ I know will be taught to the students.
27. This is the best film _____ I have ever seen.
28. The manager walked toward the gate ____ the workers are waiting.
29. You can’t go into this room _______ they are having a meeting.
30. I still remember the days _____ we studied together.
31. The picture ____ has a house and flowers is the one I like best.
32. Don’t make the same mistake ______ you did last time.
33. He failed in the exam, ______ surprised us all .
34. He did all ______ was necessary to be done.
35. Her parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone ____ family was poor.
36. Tom, _______ parents are poor workers, always goes hungry.
二. 用“介词+关系代词”填空：
1. Have you ever read the book ____ ______ there are many pictures?
2. The man _____ ________ he had a talk yesterday is a doctor.
3. The library _____ ________ we often borrow books is very large.
4. The gentleman _____ _________ you just spoke is our headmaster.
5. This is the new bicycle _____ ______ I spent five hundred dollars.
6. Here are the table tennis players, some __ _____ are our old friends.
7. The tool _____ _________ he is working is called a spade.
8. China has hundreds of islands, the largest _____ _______ is Taiwan.
9. The school has 2600 students, two thirds ____ ________ are girls.
10. Water is a liquid, the freezing point ______ _________ is 0’C.
11. Give me a piece of paper ___ _____ I can write the phone number.
12. The boy built a telescope _____ ______ he could study the skies.
三. 选择填空：
1. The village ____ I once worked has changed a lot.
A. which B. where C. that D. /
2. China is a developing country, _____ we all know.
A. whom B. as C. that D. which
3. He told me of the people and interesting things ____ he had seen in
America.
A. which B. whom C. what D. /
4. Was it at a theater __ they met?
A. where B. that C. which D. in which
5. The picture which has many flowers in is ____ I like best.
A. which B. that C. the one D. where
6. The knife ____ he cut the bread is very sharp.
A. with which B. with it C. with that D. which
7. It is you that ____ wrong.
A. is B. was C. are D. has been
8. He is one of the foreign experts who ____ Chinese.
A. knows B. know C. is known D. are known
9. In the old house, Tom washed the ten windows, most of ___ hadn’t
been cleaned for years.
A. these B. those C. that D. which
10. Alice is the only one of the students in our school who ___
Australia ?
A. has gone to B. has been to C. have gone to D. have been to
11. Pass me the book ___ cover is red.
A. which B. whose C. what D. that
12. Is this the hospital ____ you visited the other day?
A. which B. where C. in which D. at which
13. Is this factory ____ you want to visit tomorrow?
A. which B. that C. where D. the one
14. He has lost the key to the desk _____ the papers are kept.
A. which B. that C. in which D. in that
15. The mice built tunnels ____ they can get rice in the fields.
A. which B. on which C. by which D. through which
16. He’ll remember the days ____ he spent with his pupils.
A. / B. where C. what D. in which
17. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ____ she could turn for help.
A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom
18. Is it in this house _____ he was born?
A. which B. where C. that D. in which
19. He is not ____ a fool ____.
A. such…as he is looked B. such…as he looks
C. as…as he is looked D. so…as he looks
20. Do you remember the village ____ in 1978?
A. where we went to B. where we went
C. which we went D. that we went
21.Do you know the student _____?
A. whom I often talk B. with who I often talk
C. I often talk with D. that I often talk
22. He met my mother, from ____ he got the news of my marriage.
A. who B. whom C. which D. her
23. The man ___ has gone to Beijing.
A. whom I told you B. which I told you
C. whom I told you about him D. I told you about
24. It is the third time that I ____ here.
A. had been B. was C. have been D. will be
25. Have you visited the bridge ____ the workers have just finished
building ____?
A. /…/ B. where…it C. where…/ D. /…it
26. He lost the money ____ he would pay for his education
A. whom B. which C. of whom D. of which
27. You’d better let the children read such books ____ will make them
better and cleverer.
A. which B. that C. / D. as
28. It ____ Jack and Mary who ___ the broken chair the other day.
A. is…is repairing B. were…repaired
C. are… repair D. was… repaired
29. It was in the hall __ we have dinner ___ we held a party last night.
A. where… that B. that… where
C. where… which D. which… where
30.The watch he ____ went wrong again.
A. had to be mended B. has mended
C. had had mended D. had been mended
31. ___ I want badly is a new sports car.
A. All that B. All what
C. All which D. The thing what
32. A survey was carried out on the death rate of newly born babies in
that region, ____ were surprising.
A. the results of it B. as results
C. the results of which D. which results
33. He came back late, ____ which time all the guests had already left.
A. after B. by C. at D. during
34. I've never been to Beijing , but it's the place ____ .
A. where I'd like to visit B. I most want to visit
C. in which I'd like to visit D. that I want to visit it most
35.Charlie Chaplin, ____ was born in 1889, is one of the greatest
actors ___ the history of the cinema.
A. that…in B. who…in C. that…on D. who…on
36. He often wrote to the writers ____ he thought would help him to
become a writer, too.
A. whom B. who C. when D. because
37. The watch ____ belongs to me.
A. which it is on the table B. lying on the table
C. is on the table D. lain on the table
38. This is the only work ____ at the moment.
A. which I can do B. that I can do it
C. I can do D. what I can do
39. It was three years ago _____ Mr. Smith came to Shanghai
A. when B. since C. that D. until
40. ____ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. (1999)
A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever
41. ___ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high
schools is increasing.
A. Which B. As C. That D. It
42. It was ___ he said ____ disappointed me.
A. what… that B. that.. that
C. what … what D. that… what
43. ____ she couldn’t understand was ____ fewer and fewer students
showed interest in her lessons.(2000)
A. What… why B. That… what
C. What… because D. Why… that
44. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, ____ was very
reasonable.(2000)
A. which price B. the price of which
C. its price D. the price of whose
45. She found her calculator ____ she lost it.
A. where B. when C. in which D. that
46. ___ the boy said turned out to be true.
A. Which B. All what C. What D. Where
47. This is ____ the river was polluted.
A. what B. how C. that D. whether
48. These books _____ he read some were written by Lu Xun.
A. which B. among which
C. of which D. with which
49. The chemical works they paid a visit ___ south of the town.
A. stands to B. stand to C. to stands D. to stand to
50. In Shanghai many tall buildings have been put up ____ there used
to be poor old houses.
A. that B. where C. which D. when
51. Greenland, _______ island in the world, covers over two million
square kilometers.(2000)
A. it is the largest B. that is the largest
C. is the largest D. the largest
52. He’s got himself into dangerous situation ______he is likely to
lose control over the plane.(2001)
A. where B. which C. while D. why
53. It is these poisonous products ___ can cause the symptoms of the
flu, such as headache and aching muscles.(2003)
A. who B. that C. how D. what
54. I can think of many cases _________ students obviously knew a
lot of English word and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay.(2003)
A. why B. which C. as D. where
55. American women usually identify their friends as someone
_____they can talk frequently.(2004)
A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom
四、中译英
1、这个班上有30位学生，大多数来自城市。
2、他是当时唯一在场的人。
3、凡是你知道的关于本书作者的情况请都告诉我。
4、他已不再是5年前那个头脑简单的他了。
5、他们租了两条船，乘船来到了那条河的源头。
6、我从报上得知，更多的美国部队正在被派往中东。
7、众所周知，成功来自于勤奋，不努力则一事无成。
8、那些未曾去过那个小村庄的人很难描绘出它的美景。
9、我发现很难与那些一贯固执己见的人合作。
Keys:
一. 用适当的关系词填空：
1. which 2. which 3. who 4. that/that 5. who 6. which 7. which 8. that 9. where 10. when 11. whom 12. which 13. when 14. which 15. where 16. which 17. that/which 18. where 19. when 20. which 21. whose 22. why 23. who 24. whom 25. who 26. that 27. that 28. where 29. where 30. when 31. which 32. as 33. which 34. that 35. whose 36. whose
二. 用“介词+关系代词”填空：
1. in which 2. with whom 3. from which 4. to whom 5. on which 6. of whom 7. with which 8. of which 9. of whom 10. of which 11. on which 12. through which
三. 选择填空：
1- 5 BBDBC 6-10 ACBDB 11-15 BADCD 16-20 ADCBB
21-25 CBDCA 26-30 BDDAC 31-35 ACBBB 36-40 BBCCD
41-45 BAABA 46-50 CBCCB
四.中译英
1. There are thirty students in the class, most of whom are from the city.
2. He is the only person that was present at the time.
3. Please just tell me anything that you know about the author of the book.
4. He is no longer the simple-minded man that he was five years ago.
5. They hired two boats in which they came up to the source of the river.
6. More American troops are being sent to the Middle East, as (which) I have learnt from the newspaper.
7. As we all know, success comes from hard work; without efforts nothing can be done/achieved.
8. It’s very hard for those who haven’t been to the small village to describe its beauty.
9. I find it hard to cooperate with those who always stick to their own opinions.