解读2003年中考"非谓语动词"

[考题展示]

1.-It's too hot.  Would you mind ________ the door。

- ________ .Do it, please.

A.　　to open; OK 　　　　　　　B. opening;  Certainly not

 C. opening;  Of course 　　 D. to open; Good idea (重庆)

2. I have finished ________ ________ this book. You can take it away.

A. to read  B. read 　 C.reading 　D. reads (吉林)

3. No matter how hard it is, we'll keep ______ until we make it.

A. failed 　B. failing  C. tried 　D. trying (辽宁)

4. They are busy ______ ready for the exam.

A. get  B. getting 　C. to get 　D. got (宁夏)

5.He found it hard ______ his class.

A.　　to catch up with 　 B. to catch up  

C. catch up with 　　　D. catch up (新疆)

6. We must do something to stop people from ______.

A. to throw litter about 　 B. to throw litter into

C. throwing litter about 　 D. throwing litter into (陕西)

7. Listen! Can you hear a baby _______ ?

A. cry  B. to cry  C. crying  D. cries (山西)

8. She asked them ________ things about.

A. not to litter  B. don't litter  C. not litter  D. no litter (宁夏)

[解读"非谓语动词"]

非谓语动词包括动词不定式。动名词和分词三种形式,分词又包括现在分词和过去分词。这三种形式都是由动词变来的,但在句子中都不能作谓语,故这三种形式被称为非谓语动词。下面笔者就这三种形式在用法上的区别浅析如下:

一、动词不定式和动名词在句子中均可作主语和表语

在表示一个具体的。个别的或将来的动作时,要用动词不定式。如:

My job is to teach the first-year students grammar.

To study English well is very important.

在表示比较抽象的一般的行为和动作时,二者可以互换。如:

To climb mountains is a good form of exercise.

Climbing mountains is a good form of exercise.

二、动名词、现在分词和动词不定式都可以作定语

1. 动名词作定语时,和它所修饰的名词之间没有逻辑上的主谓关系,只表示被修饰名词的一般用途,必须位于名词之前。如:

There is a swimming pool in our school.

2. 现在分词作定语时,和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系,表示所修饰名词的特征。如:

Listen to the singing bird.

Who is the boy running towards us。

3. 动词不定式作定语时,当所修饰的名词指人时,和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。如:

He is always the first to come to school.

当所修饰的名词指物时,和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系。如:

I have a meeting to attend.

如果作定语的动词不定式中的动词是不及物动词,需加上相应的介词。如:

I have no room to live in.

There is nothing for me to worry about.

三、动词不定式和分词均可作宾语补足语

动词不定式作宾语补足语时,表示动作已经发生,动作的全过程已经结束。如:

I heard him knock at the door three times.(=I heard he knocked at the door three times (动作的全过程已经结束)

现在分词作宾语补足语时,表示动作正在进行。如:

I heard him knocking at the door.(= I heard he was knocking at the door.(动作正在进行)

过去分词也可以作宾语补足语。如:

I found the glass broken.(= I found the glass was broken.)

注意:动词不定式作宾语补足语时,在动词make,let,have,see,notice,hear,watch, observe,feel,listen to等后面要省略不定式符号to。如:

I hear him play.

The teacher made him do the exercises again.

help后的动词不定式作宾语补足语时,不定式符号to可加可不加。如:

He often helps me to study English in his spare time.

当这些动词变为被动语态时,原不定式必须加上to。如:

He was seen to repair the machine.

四、动词不定式和动名词均可作宾语

1. 下列动词后只能跟不定式作宾语: hope, agree, decide, manage, wish, refuse, dare, promise等。如:

He has promised to lend me the dictionary.

2. 下列动词后只能跟动名词作宾语: enjoy, finish, avoid, practise, mind, escape, excuse, suggest, consider(考虑), give up, can't help等。如:

He wants to give up smoking.

They practise speaking English every day.

3. 在动词remember,forget,regret,stop,try等后面跟动词不定式或动名词时,意义上有所差别。如:

He forgot telling me the news. 他忘了曾经告诉过我这个消息。

He forgot to tell me the news. 他忘了要把这个消息告诉我。

五、动词不定式和分词均可作状语

不定式作状语通常表示"目的"或"程度";分词作状语通常表示"伴随情况"。"时间"或"原因"等。如:

He went to the library to borrow a book (表目的)

The boy sat at the desk reading a book.(表伴随情况)

六、动词不定式和动名词均有复合结构

不定式的复合结构:for sb.(not) to do sth.

动名词的复合结构:名词所有格或形容词性物主代词+动名词。如:

It's important for us to learn English well.

He prided himself upon his dancing.

([考题展示]参考答案:1. B 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. A 6. C 7. C 8. A)