Unit 14 Freedom fighters

教/ 学案

1(1) freedom　n. 自由

•These men died for freedom.

为自由而战fight for freedom 　 渴望自由 long for freedom

freedom from，免除，解脱

• freedom from taxation免税

免于饥饿 freedom from hunger

with freedom自由地，随便地

(2). free　adj.　　free from 不受…影响的　　free of 摆脱了…的，无…的

免费 for free 　 free of charge  

自由、随意做…… ; 有空做…be free to do sth=do sth freely

在某人的空闲时间　 in one’s free time=in one’s spare time

会上大家可以畅所欲言 Everyone is free to express himself at the meeting.

　　set… free 释放，给…自由

　　这个老妇人一直在受苦。The old lady is never free from pain.

　　那座房子终于没有老鼠了。The house was free of mice in the end.

(3.) free　vt.　释放, 解除, 使摆脱( 常和介词from或of连用)

eg.　free him from the debts　免除他的债务

2.civil

(1)公民的

•　　  civil liberty/rights　

•　　  civil duties/responsibilities

•　　(2)国内的

•civil war,　civil affairs

(3)文职的

•civil servant文职人员，公务员

3.murder

 n. 谋杀，谋杀案

　 There are six murders in a week.

v. 谋杀, (因为无技巧或知识糟蹋了)某事物

　等她发现你干了什么事的时候,她会把你给杀了。

She'll murder you when she finds out what you've done.

　 murder a piece of music　　　  murder the English language

murderer 杀人犯，murderess女杀人犯

4．youth　n.

1)青春期

During his youth, he lived in China.

2) a young person (c)

After the match, several youths were arrested. （几个年轻人）

3) young people considered as a group 集合名词

The youth of our city is / are always polite. (总的来说是有礼貌的)

5. prison

• 1)(c)监狱，拘留所

•This is a model prison.

•2)(u)监禁，禁锢

•　 He was in prison for ten years.

•3) 有关短语

break prison /jail 越狱，从狱中逃走

•　 escape from prison 逃出监狱

•　  put / throw sb into prison 把…投进监牢　　 

•　 be set out of prison 被放出监狱

　　go to prison 入狱

注意：无冠词表抽象意义，加冠词the 指具体的地方，类似的词还有school, bed, sea , hospital,church等。

　　He is old enough to go to school.

　　He went to the school to see his father.

4) n. 犯人 prisoner　

　keep sb as prisoner 把…当成犯人

5. Join hands (with sb. ) 携手 联合　合欢　 互相握手

他们三个人互相握手，突然大笑。

The three of them joined hands and burst into laughter

中国士兵与美国士兵在战争中联合对付德国。

The chinese soldiers joined hands with the Americans in the war against Germany.

6. soul n. 灵魂， 心灵； 人

•　serve the people heart and soul 　　 全心全意为人民服务

•　She puts her whole soul into work.她全神贯注地工作

the soul of a book 　  一本书的精髓

•Not a soul was to be seen in the street. 大街上一个人都看不到。

7.. chorus　n. 合唱， 合唱队，齐声

•　in chorus 异口同声　a female/ male chorus　 女声/男声合唱

　 mixed chorus男女混声合唱

The professor’s speech was welcomed with a chorus of praise.

•　教授的演讲受到一片称赞。

8. arrest

1)vt. arrest逮捕;阻止，制止

The murderer was arrested yesterday.

The new drug has arrested the spread of the disease.(….遏止了疾病的蔓延)

2)(c)拘捕

The police made three arrests yesterday.

警察昨天执行了三项逮捕行动

9. separate　vt. vi. adj.

•(1)vt.把…和….分开

• I separated the children to stop them from fighting.

The English Channel separates England from France.(把英国和法国分开)

•(2)vi. 分手，分开

•They set out together, then separated in Shanghai .(在上海分开了)

•(3)adj. 各自的，各个的，单独的，分开的

•Libraries have a separate section for reference books.

　She prefers to have a separate room.

　You’d better keep the good apples separate from bad ones. (和坏的分开)。

pay for the two coffees separately

•（4）Separation 　n.分离，分开

•the separation of cream from milk

•　 Although slavery ended in the USA in 1865,  the South had its own laws to continue the separation of blacks and whites.

•　 After her separation from her parents ,(和父母分别了三年之后)，he was excited to meet them again.

　　1) Ireland and Britain ____ the Irish sea.

　　　 A be separated from　　B be separated by

　　　 C is separated by　　D are separated by

　　2) As we joined the big crows I got ___ from my friends.

　　　 A separated　　 B spared　　　 C lost　　 D missed

10． race　

1)　(c)人种；种族

There are many races of people in the world.

世界上有许多种族。

2) (c)赛跑/车, 常指速度竞赛

 a horse race 赛马

He won the 100-metre race.　

4x100-meter　relay race 　4x100米接力赛

3) vi.比赛，赛跑，后接against/with

 The horse is racing against five others.

这匹马正在和其他五匹马比赛。

4) vi.急速移动，（沿路）飞奔

　We had to race to catch the train.

 我们得快走，好赶上火车。

11．. forbid (forbade, forbidden) vt. 禁止,不准，不许

　结构:　forbid sth

forbid sb sth

forbid sb. to do sth.

　　　　 =forbid  one’s doing sth/sth.

　e.g. We should forbid smoking in the office.

 暴风雨使我们不能外出

The storm forbade us to go out.

常见短语有: forbidden City 紫禁城；　　

　　　　　   forbidden zone禁区

　No one could ___ him to go there.

　 A forbid　 B stop　　 C keep　　D prevent

12. vote

1）vt. & vi. 投票（赞成）；表决；选举( 后接介词for/against/on 或不定式)

As we can’t make any decision, let’s vote on it.

因为我们在这件事上无法取得同意，我们表决吧。

You must vote for the man you can trust. 你必须选你能信赖的人。

People vote against Henry. 人们投票反对亨利。

They voted her their headmistress. 他们选她做校长。

2)(c)投票；票数；选举权

The matter will be decided by vote. 此事将投票表决。

In that country ,people get the vote at 18.

在那个国家，人们年满18岁获得选举权。

3) ◆ put sth to the vote 付诸表决

13. set an example to = set sb an example给某人树立榜样

Lei Feng set to us a good example .

follow sb an example (以某人为榜样)

take …for example / take …as an example　(以…为例)

14. demand　vt. 要求

(1) 结构: demand sth.

　　  　demand sth. from/of sb

demand to do　　　

demand that 从句 (从句谓语动词用 should + v.原形)

eg. This work demands your patience.

　 我要求他的答复。I demanded a reply from him.

He demanded to know what was going on there.

•老师要求我们立即放弃野炊的计划。

The teacher demanded us to give up the plan for the picnic at once.

The teacher demanded that we should give up the plan for the picnic at once.

(2) [拓展] demand　n. 要求, 需要 (后接介词for)

•There was a great demand for such books.

◆in (great) demand需求量很大

◆on demand在要求时,一经请求

◆ meet the demands of the students 满足学生的要求

e.g. Teachers are in great demand in this area. 这个地区缺少教师。

　　Passengers must show their tickets on demand.

　　 查票时旅客需出示车票。

 1) He demanded Xiaoming ____ to Shanghai.

　  A to go　　B went　　C ge　　D would go

 2) This mew aircraft makes tremendous ____ of the pilots.

　　A request　　 B necessity　　 C require　　D demands

15. boycott　

1)v.联合抵制,拒绝参加

　e.g. They boycotted the meeting.

2) n. 联合抵制; 联合拒绝购买[使用、经售]

　　put sb. [goods] under a boycott

　  对某人[货物]实行联合抵制

16 demonstration

1).论证,证明[U][C][+(that)]

The teacher gave a demonstration of the law of gravity.

教师论证了引力定律。

2).实地示范,实物宣传[U][C]

teach something by demonstration示范教某事

3).示威,示威运动[C]

We watched the demonstration from our windows.

我们从窗口看示威游行。

17. act

1)(c) 法案,法令,常指有议会通过的重大法令(常大写)

Would you tell us something about the new Education Act?

请你给我们讲讲新的教育法好吗？

国会通过了一项法令，禁止捕杀稀有动物。

Parliament has passed an act forbidding the killing of rare animals.

注意:bill在美国通常指提交议会审议的法案或议案，在议会通过之前还不是法律。经过议会通过而成为法律的法案称为act。

The bill was finally passed by a majority of 126.

注意与law, act连用的动词多用make ,pass

2)vi.做某事;表现(act +adv./介词短语)

He acted bravely when the building was on fire.

我不懂他们的语言，你不得不充当一个翻译。

I don’t understand their language, so you have to act as an interpreter.

She acted like an old woman.她的行动像老太太似的。

他的动作像呆子一般。

He acted like a fool.

3)vt.扮演；担任角色

Who acted Othello that night?

18. Sight:

at first sight　　 一开始　乍一看

　at the sight of　　　一看见…..就

　catch/get/have (lose)sight of 看见 发现

　in/within (out of) sight 在视线内

18 regardless of　　不理会, 不顾= despite/in spite of

regardless of consequences /danger/expenses　不顾后果/危险/代价

尽管以前我们失败过，但仍要坚持下去.(坚持：perserve)

Regardless our former failure, we must perserve.

他不顾我在此事上的感情，继续说下去。

He continued his speech , regardless of what I am feeling about it.

in regard to=with regard to

=as regards =regarding to=about 关于

As regards/Regarding to this point, he is correct.

我对他信中的情况不太了解。

As regard what he said in his letter, I knew little about it.

19．Judge

　1)vt 判断，评判，批评

　　 他被判有罪。　He was judged guilty.

　2) judge ….by 根据….判断….

　　 不要以貌取人。　 Don’t judge a man by his looks.

　3) judging by/from 在句中作悬垂状语。

　　 听他的口音，他准是南方人。　　　Judging by his accent, he must be from the south

　　 从他的行为推测，我们可以说他是诚实的。

　　　  Judging from what he has done, we can say he is honest.

　 4) n. 法官，裁判

　　　He is a High Court Judge.

　　　Tom is a judge of a speech contest.

20. March

　　march on 继续前进　　　  march against the enemy　向敌人进军

　　on the march　 行军中

21．Case

　　in case of　在有….情况下，万一…

　　in case　 conj.　万一，以防

　　　　　　 adv. 以防万一，免得（置于句末）

　　in no case　 决不

　　in any case　 无论如何，不管怎样

　　in this/that/such a case　 在这种/那种/这一情况下

　　in all cases　 在任何情形下，在所有情况下

　　in most cases　 在大多数情况下

22． Against

　 1) 反对

　　 It was against the law.

　　 在警察到这儿以前，我反对做任何事情。　I’m against doing anything until the police arrive here.

　　2) 依靠

　　　Don’t lean against the wall.

　　3) 迎着，顶着

　　　It’s very hard to walk against the wind.

　　4) 与…对比

　　　Against the U.S.dollars its value increased by 1.5%.相对于美元，它的….

　　5)以…为背景，在…映衬下

　　　The mountain looks greater against the blue sky on such a lovely day.

　　6) 预防，准备…时用

　　　We are taking the medicine against the disease.

　　　He saved money against old age.

23. Born in 1929,King went to university when he was fifteen.

　　由于怕困难，他们宁愿走容易的道路。　Afraid of difficulties, they prefer to take the easy road.

　　他们都跑了过来，急于要帮忙。　　　　They all rushed over,eager to help.

　　熟了以后，这些苹果很甜。　　 Ripe, the apples are very sweet.

　　_A____ by the teacher, he asked the teacher a few more questions.

　　 A Encouraged　　 B Encouraging　 C To encourage　D Being encouraged