高三英语小考点归纳一

单词篇

care for

喜欢

I don't care for tea.

我不喜欢喝茶。

照顾；照料；抚养

He's good at caring for sick animals.

他精心照料生病的牲畜。

Uncle Dick is very good at caring for sick animals.

狄克大叔照管生病的动物,很在行。

care about

关心, 担心

space空地，空处

There is no space for another chair in this room.

这房间没有再放一把椅子的空地了。

I'm sure there is enough space for all these desks.; I'm sure there is space enough for all these desks.

我保证有足够的地方放下这些办公桌。

Two male people are quite enough for the job.

有两个男人干这件事就够了。

accept...as [to be] ...

把...当作...; 认为...是...

accepted me as a new member of the club.

我被接收为俱乐部新成员

true

n.真实；真理

ensure

vt.保证, 担保, 使安全, 保证得到

v.确保, 确保, 保证

We can ensure that the work shall be done in the right way.

我们可以保证把工作做好。

"If you want to ensure that you get the diploma, you have to work harder and take all these curricula and pass them."

"如果你想确保获得文凭,就得努力些,选修所有这些课程并通过考试。"

I fitted a new lock to ensure that the bicycle would not be stolen.

我装了一把新锁以保证自行车不致失窃。

assure

vt.断然地说, 确告, 保证, 担保

He assured me that he had finished.

他向我保证他已经完成了。

I can assure you of the reliability of the news.

我可以向你保证这消息是可靠的。

I assure you (that)there's no danger.

我向你保证没有危险。

Nothing can assure permanent happiness.

没有什么东西能确保永久的幸福。

convince

vt.使确信, 使信服

He convinced me that I should study law.

他劝我应该学法律。

It took many hours to convince the court of his guilt.

花费了许多个小时法庭才相信他有罪。

convince sb. of sth.

使某人相信某事

We convinced Anne to go by train rather than plane.

be convinced of

确信， 承认

我们说服了安妮放弃乘飞机而坐火车走。

He was convinced of his error.

他认识了错误

think highly of

看重；器重

convince sb. of

使某人承认， 使某人信服

in spite of

虽然；尽管…仍

I went out in spite of the rain.

尽管下雨我还是出去了。

In spite of great efforts we failed to carry our plans through.

"尽管我们作出了巨大努力,我们还是没能完成计划。"

对比：though（＝although）

conj.虽然；纵然；即使；尽管

Though it was raining, he went there.

虽然当时正下着雨，他还是到那里去了。

Though he was poor he was happy.

虽然他很穷却很快乐。

let alone

(=not to mention=not to speak of=to say nothing of= it goes without saying

更不用说 He can speak French ,let alone English,as English is his mother tongue.

经典考题：This is an old photo of my aunt's when she had short hair, and now she has grey hairs.

inspire:鼓励；激励

inspire sb. with hope

激起某人的希望

I was inspired to work harder than ever before.

我受激励比以往任何时候都更加努力地工作。

grey hairs

老年

read

一阅读

He read the newspaper.

他看报纸。

二看懂

to read a map

I can read French but I can't speak it.

我能看懂法文，但不会说。

三看地图

四识谱

to read music

五阅悉；读知

to read about the murder

阅读了解谋杀案

You often have to read a novel between the lines to get the real meaning of the story.

看一部小说我们常常得从字里行hang间来看才能了解故事的真正含义。

read malice in sb.'s face

从某人脸上看出恶意malice [简明英汉词典]n.恶意, 怨恨, 预谋, 蓄意犯罪

The poster reads “No smoking!”

标语上写着:“不准吸烟!”poster[简明英汉词典]

n.海报, 招贴, (布告, 标语, 海报等的)张贴者

The edition reads“hurry”, not “harry.”

这个版本印作 hurry, 不作harry。harry [简明英汉词典]

v.掠夺, 折磨

In the fifth line, read“hurry”for “harry”.

在第5行中将harry改为hurry。

read about the accident

获悉出事的消息

The full text reads as follows:...全文如下...

I wonder how the letter would read to her.

我不知道她读这封信时会有什么反应。

seat供以座位; 可容纳

They need a room seating sixty people.

The hall seats 2000.

这个会场有两千个座位。

be seated=be siting

seat oneself

take one's seat

other than

除了…，除…之外

There's nobody here other than me.

除了我这里没别人。

与…不同；与…不同方式

You can't get there other than by swimming.

你只能靠游泳游到那边去。

pick up

1捡起 I picked up a wallet by chance.

2改良；进步 You will pick up soon after hard-working.

3增加

4加速 pick up speed

5获得 He picked up France after leaving school.

6勾搭上（女人）

7收听My radio can pick up France.

我的收音机可收听法国广播。

8补针

seeing

因为，鉴于事实：

Seeing that you're already at the door, I suppose I must invite you inside.

鉴于你已到了门口，我想我必须邀请你入内

seeing that

因为...; 既然; 鉴于

Seeing (that) he refused to help us, there's no reason why we should now help him.

他既然曾经拒绝帮助我们, 我们现在没有理由要来帮助他。

Opportunity　 n.

机会, 时机

have … opportunity to do　sth.

I'll have another opportunity to visit the exhibition next year.

明年我们还有一次机会参观这个展览会。

take  the opportunity of　doing sth.

乘机做某事

take　the opportunity to do sth.

乘机做某事

We should take the opportunity to study English well.

Dress穿衣

He is dressed very well.

他穿得很漂亮。

Dress yourself quickly.

你快点穿衣服。

Give one’s life for(to)…

为。。。献出生命

His son gave his life for the country.

投身于。。。

She gave her life to(介词) teaching.

continual

adj.

接连不断的， 连续的， 持续的； 频繁的

continual flashes of lightning

频繁的闪电

Continual dropping wears away the stone.

滴水穿石。

continuous

adj.

连续的, 持续的

continuous

[kEn5tInjJEs]

adj.

继续的；连续的；持续的；延伸的

a continuous noise

连续不断的噪音

continuous rain all day

下了一整天的雨

3 days' continuous flight

连续三天的飞行

constant

[5kCnstEnt]

n.

[数、物]常数, 恒量

adj.

不变的, 持续的, 坚决的

constant

[5kRnstEnt]

adj.

不变的；固定的

constant speed

固定速度

时常发生的；连续不断的

constant rain

绵绵不断的雨

constant trouble

时常发生的麻烦

忠心的；忠贞的；忠实的

a constant friend

忠实的朋友

都含“发生”的意思。

happen为常用词语, 指“一切客观事物或情况的偶然或未能预见地发生”, 如:

The accident happened yesterday.

事故发生在昨天。

chance 指“偶然发生”、“碰巧”, 如:

He chanced to meet her.

他偶然遇见了她。

occur属正式用语, 指“按计划使某事或效果发生”,

 通常所指的时间和事件都比较确定, 在以具体事物、事件作主语时, 可与happen 互换, 如:

These events occurred in 1909.

这些事件发生于1909年。

take place 指“发生事先计划或预想到的事物”, 如:

The meeting took place at 8:00 as planned.

按计划会议在八点举行了。

do in

累得很；很累

That walk was much too long, and nearly　did me in.

Be　done in =be exhausted=be tired out=be not a little tired

keep to

坚持；保持；不离开

He always keeps to his promises.(=hold to,stick to)

他总是说话算数的。

We kept to the roads we knew.

我们不离开我们认识的路。

keep up

继续；坚持

If this rain keeps up the garden will be ruined.

如果这雨继续下，花园就完蛋了。

保持；维持

The high cost of materials keeps up prices.

材料的昂贵费用使价格居高不下。

Keep your chin up!

不要气馁!;不要灰心!

go by

受指导；遵照，依照

Don't go by what she says.

别听她的。

You can't go by what the children say.

你不能照孩子们说的去做。

按照…判断，凭…判断

to go by appearances

凭外表判断

"Going by what he wears, he must have come from the south."

"从他的穿着打扮来看,他准是从南方来的。"

carry through

贯彻, 完成, 进行到底

维持, 使渡过难关

carry through

帮（某人）渡过难关； 使（某人）保持勇气

His courage will carry him through.

他的勇气会帮他渡过难关。

let off

放（炮），投放（炸弹）

排放出（气体、液体）

允许下车，允许下船，允许下飞机

（与with连用）宽恕；赦免；从宽处理

prosperity

n.

繁荣, 旺盛; 幸运, 成功, 顺利, 幸福

I wish you all prosperity.

祝你万事顺利。

Peace brings prosperity.

和平带来繁荣。

反义:adversity

n.

逆境, 不幸, 苦难, 灾难

Mr. Huang has been a good friend to me in adversity or in prosperity.

不管我处于逆境还是顺境, 黄先生一直是我的好友。

A friend is known in adversity.

在患难之中才能看出(真假)朋友。

in adversity 反义: in prosperity.

This food digests well.

这食物容易消化。

类似:This kind of books sells well.

This composition reads good.

I don’t care how　the dog smells, but I do care whether it could　smell well.

 Cotton of that kind feels soft,above all,it washes well.

关于被动语态

1. 某些表示状态的及物动词，如：have , own , possess , lack , want , fit , suit , become , last , cost , fail , escape , hold等。例如：
Our boss possesses great wealth .
This dress fits you very well .
The reason escaped me .
注意：have作为“有”讲时不能用于被动语态，作为行为动词时也不用于被动语态。
I have just had a letter from my sister .

2. 当宾语是反身代词或相互代词时，不能用于被动语态。例如：
I cut myself when I was cutting meat .
We should help each other .

3. 当宾语是身体的某一部分或器官时，不能用于被动语态。例如：
He shook his head . He laid his hand on the table .

4. 当宾语是表示地点处所的名词时，不能用于被动语态。例如：
She left Shanghai yesterday .
We entered the room one by one .
但是，jump和reach后的地点和处所宾语可在被动语态中作主语。例如：
The fence was jumped by the horse .
The top of the mountain was reached at 4:00 pm .

5. 当宾语是同源宾语时，不能用于被动语态。例如：
He died a heroic death .
She smiled her charming smile .

常考点before

我觉得before 这个词的用法让很多学生都感到棘手，通过试题评讲，我从中收集了不少关于before的例句，在此我给同学们作个总结：

1. 之前
Tom’s father had died before he came back.
在汤姆回来之前，他父亲就已经死了。

2. 之后（才）
It will be many years before the chemicals start to escape from the containers . （SEFCIIIA）
要过很多年之后，这些化学物品才开始从容器中流出来。

3. 不等……就
Someone called me up in the middle of the night , but he hung before I could answer the phone. （NMET 2000）
半夜有人给我打电话，但还没等我去接，对方就挂断了。
在以上这些意思中，我着重讲讲第2个意思：

一. 在时态上
主句的时态可以是将来时，也可以是过去时，但从句的时态，要么是一般现在时，要么是一般过去时，根据具体情况而定。
It will be 2 years before we graduate from the middle school.
两年之后，我们才中学毕业。
It was long before he began to do his homework.
过了很长时间，他才开始做作业。

二. 在句式上
主句不仅有肯定式，也可有否定式。肯定结构意义为：过多久才，需要多久才；否定结构意义为：不久就……
It was long before they finished their task.
过了很长时间，他们才完成任务。
It wasn’t long before the people took up their arms.
不久，人民就开始拿起了武器。

三. 在用词上
在句型“…long before ”中，long也可换成hours , day , weeks , some time 等。
It will be hours before he arrives.
要过好几个小时他才会到。
It will be 2 weeks before we meet again.
两个星期后我们还会再次见面。
It will be some time before we know the full result.
还要过一些时间我们才能知道全部结果。

四. 在句型对比上（important）
before 的这一用法与since等词用法很容易混淆，值得注意。
1. It has been 5 years _B _____ my sister returned from abroad.
2. It is 5 years ago ___C__ my sister returned from abroad.
3. It was the years 1990 __D_____ my sister returned from abroad.
4. It will be 5 years ____A___ my sister returns from abroad.
A. before B. since C. that D. when

1. 我姐姐回国已有五年了。（B）
2. 我姐姐是在五年前回国的。（C）
这是一个强调句型，如果还原的话应该是：
My sister returned from abroad 5 years ago.
本句就是针对5 years ago 进行强调而得来的。
3. 我姐姐于1990年回国。（D）时间状语从句
本句中“it”指时间。再如：
It was 5 o’clock when he came back.（It was at 5 o’clock that he came back）
4. 要过五年我姐姐才回国。（A）

关于书面表达

1. 细心审题

审题，即考生动笔前通过仔细阅读试题，明确目的要求。书面表达题可能是以汉语提示为信息，也可能是以一组画面为信息，还有可能是以英语短文为信息，无论是以何种方式提供信息，只要细心审题，考生理解命题意图和所要表达的内容，一般不会存在太大的问题，因为书面表达题仅是简易的英语写作，要求并不太高，但这并不是说，审题就不重要了。通过审题可以达到：（1）明确体裁。书面表达虽然重在内容，但格式也不能忽视。如NMET’99书面表达，回信中的开头语和结束语者都是基本要点，不可遗漏。（2）确定内容。弄清题目设置的情景或提供的要点，便能紧扣题意，定什么不写什么，做到心中有数，避免随心所欲，文不对题。（3）确定人称。弄清命题者要求考生用什么人称。历年书面表达题都对人称提出要求。如NMET’97、’98书面表达评分标准就明确规定：“凡不以第一人称口吻表述者，从原得分中扣除7分。”但历年高考都有考生在没有确定人称的情况下匆匆动笔，结果白白丢分。（4）确定时态语态。时态语态的准确运用，亦是判断书面表达好坏的一条重要标准。一般说来，说明文、议论文多用一般现在时，记日记多用一般过去时，记叙文多用一般过去时和过去进行时。通过审题，明确体裁，知道事情发生的时间，对确定时态起着关键作用。

2. 理顺要点

根据考纲要求，漏写或没写清要点均要失分。理顺要点，是防止多写、漏写、乱写，保证内容完整的行之有效的办法，有的书面表达要点并非按事件发生顺序提供，考生须通过严密的构思加以条理化，最好在写作前将试题中的要点用笔标出，然后按事件先后或各要点之间的内在联系排列好。如果是看图作文，则要依次观察每幅图画，再将每幅画的含意加以连贯，构思出文章的整体框架。有的抽象事物，如心理活动很难通过图画直观地表达出来，这就要求考生仔细观察细节，从人物的衣着、外部表情入手，分析其心理活动，挖掘其内涵因素，使心理描写符合事情发展的逻辑。理顺要点，既可保证不遗漏所要表达的信息，又可使表达的内容条理清楚，否则写出的文章就有可能语无伦次，颠三倒四。

3. 组织句子

将理顺的要点逐句表达出来，这是书面表达的关键的一步。完成这个步骤要注意：（1）书面表达重在达意，不要简单直译，而要用自己最有把握的短语或句型将意思完整表达出来，切忌使用冷僻词语，切忌用汉语句型去套用英语，乃至写出大量汉式英语。（2）如果碰上汉语提示中一时找不着相对应的英语词语或句型，不要轻易放弃，要开动脑筋，学会用内容相近的句子来表达。（3）尽可能写结构简单的句子，少用自己尚无把握的复合句。（4）选择正确的人称、时态、语态，注意冠词、单复数、大小写、标题等。上述几点在组织句子时若能高度重视，则错误便可大大减少。

4. 串句成篇

这个过程就是将写好的句子连贯地组织起来，形成短文。串句成篇，绝不是将一句话一句话简单地排在一起，要注意上下句的逻辑关系，必要时使用一些表示并列、递进、让步、转折、因果等意义的关联词语。有的书面表达还可以分段，但段与段之间要过渡自然。若词数少于题目要求，可适当增加一些与内容相关的句子；若词数多于题目要求，也可考虑将能够合并的句子合并起来。

5. 检查修改

文章草稿写成后，默读一至两遍，检查修改，看文章是否对题，格式是否正确，内容是否完整，文句有无语病，行文是否连贯，拼写是否错误，词数是否恰当。有的书面表达题要求考生自拟标题，考生这时要注意不要丢掉标题，还要注意标题首字母的大写（标题中实词则大写首字母，虚启则不必大写）；如命题者不要求考生自拟标题的则不必拟标题，以免画蛇添足。经过检查修改后，再认真誊写，力求卷面整洁。这样经过周密思考、按步骤写出来的文章，比起毫无计划、信手拈来的文章质量肯定要好得多。
总之，书面表达题是英语高考试题中的一道大题，它又是考生通过短期训练能够迅速提高水平的一道题，很值得考生在这道题上下点功夫

关于宾语从句谓语常用should +V的有 :

:insist v.坚持, 强调,demand n.要求, 需求(量), 需要v.要求, 需要, 要求知道, 查询, desire　vt.想望, 期望, 希望, 请求n.愿望, 心愿, 要求 v.要求, request vt.请求, 要求n.请求, 要求, 邀请, order vt.命令, 定购, 定制, propose vt.计划, 建议, 向...提议, 求(婚)vi.打算, 求婚, command v.命令, 指挥, 克制, 支配, ask vi.询问, 问, 要求vt.问, 要求, 需要, 邀请, advisevt.劝告, 忠告, 警告, 建议,preferv.更喜欢, 宁愿, suggest vt.建议, 提出, 使想起, 暗示…… 简称为I DROP CAPS。

再某些特殊的句型后用虚拟语气形式should do 来表示. 例如: It is strange / important /necessary/ vital/ funny /interesting / surprising …that sb. (should) do ….

题型讲解！
1、---Mary's going to get married to Bob. ---Yes, I heard __B___ .
A such B so C this D that

为何选B，而不选C或D？

2、---Look at the winter swimmer. He is over 70.
　 ---Really? He doesn't look _A____.
A it B so C this D that

为何选A，而不选其他的？ 由此，希望能讲一讲it ,so ,that ,this ,one 等等用来指代前文时的异同点。谢谢
（1）泛指人可以用 one。
（2）代替某一类中的任意一个可数名词用 one。
（3）定向的指代可以用it 或 that。

　　解答：一that 表示刚才提过的某事或代指前面所说的情况 （译作"这"）例如： Anyone can do that. We see him when he comes to town, but that isn't often.也可代表前面提到的名词（常代指不可数的名词），以避免重复。
二it 代指刚提到的东西（可指具体或抽象的东西 = 它）
近指或指下面说的话可以用 this。例如：I want to know this: Has this Mrs. Jones been here the whole morning?
三so "这样"（表示状态、方式）：
1. 和do 连用 （表示前面说到的那个动作）例如：He was trying to follow her example but could not do so.
In doing some she gave a little sigh.
It was his duty to do so.
2. 和say, tell, think, suppose等动词连用（代表一个宾语从句或形容词）例如：Martin wants to write, but he's afraid to say so.
It's all your doing. I told you so from the first.
I know they enjoyed every minute of it. Don't you think so?
He won the first in last physics competition. Do you believe so?
3. 和某些其它动词连用（表示方式或程度）例如：
What makes you tremble so? tremble n.战栗, 颤抖vi.战栗, 发抖, 震动, (树叶等)摇晃.摇动, 焦虑vt.挥动, 用颤抖的声音说出
He loves her so!
4. 和动词be 连用
Is that so?
He's a lazy boy and will always be so.
It is broken and has long been so.
四such 作代词： 这（些 ）（多做主语，指上面说的情况）：例如：
Such was the way he spoke to us.
Such were his words!
Such was the situation we were facing.
Such are the results.
根据以上讲解， 找出解答你的两个题的依据就很容易了。

英语中的一句多译

1.　　　 他宁愿工作，也不愿在家休息。
He would rather work than have a rest at home.
He prefers to work than have a rest at home .
He prefers working to having a rest at home.
2. 虽然他累了，但他继续工作。
Though / Although he was tired , he went on working.
Tired as / though he was , he went on working.
He was tired , but he went on working.
3. 他决不是傻子。
He is anything but a fool.
He is not a fool at all.
He is far from being a fool.
He is by no means a fool.
4. 这个城市是那个城市的三倍那么大。
This city is there times as large as that one.
This city is three times the size of that one.
This city is twice larger than that one.
5. 那个男孩为祖国献出了自己的生命。
The boy devoted his life to his country.
The boy died for his country.
The boy gave / lost his life for his country.
6. 天下雨了，我们出不去。
The rain prevented us （from）going out.
The rain stopped us （from）going out.
The rain kept us from going out.
7. 他只有服从命令别无选择。
He could do nothing but obey the order.
He had no choice but to obey the order.
There was nothing left for him to do but obey the order.
All he had to do was obey the order.
8. 这个问题值得讨论。
This problem is worth discussing.
This problem is worthy of discussion.
This problem is worthy of being discussed.
This problem is worthy to be discussed.
It is worthwhile discussing （to discuss）this problem.
9. 卓别林被认为是最滑稽的演员之一。
Chaplin is considered to be one of the funniest actors.
Chaplin is regarded as one of the funniest actors.
Chaplin is known as one of the funniest actors.
Chaplin is looked on as one of the funniest actors.
10. 我打开窗户好吗？
Do you mind if I open the window ?
Would you mind if I open the window ?
Would you mind my / me opening the window ?

more than的基本用法

1.　　　 more than后面跟名词，意为“不只是，不仅仅是”。例如：
（1）Hibernation is more than sleep. 冬眠不只是睡觉。
（2）Kate was more than a teacher. She also did what she could to take care of her pupils.
凯特不仅仅是位教师，她还尽其所能照顾她的学生。

2. more than与数词连用，意思是“多于，大于，超过”。例如：
（1）I have known him for more than twenty years. 我认识他已超过二十年了。
（2）More than ten policemen turned up at the spot where the accident happened. 十多位警察出现在出事地点。

3. more than与形容词和分词连用，表示“非常、十分”。例如：
（1）They were more than happy to see us come back from the expedition. 看到我们远征而归，他们异常高兴。
（2）I was more than surprised to see the lion standing at the body. 看到那头狮子站在尸体旁边，我非常惊讶。

4. more than与动词连用，对动词起着加强语气的作用。例如：
（1）Repeated advertising will more than increase product sales. 多次做广告意味着增加产品的销售。
（2）His progress in English learning more than encouraged him to learn the subject well. 在英语学习方面的进步激励他学好这门课程。

5. more than和含有情态动词的句子连用，有否定意义，表示“是……难以……”或“超过了……所能”之义。例如：
（1）The beauty of the mountainous country is more than I can describe. 我难以描述那个山村的美丽。
（2）This problem is more than a child like Jack can settle. 这一问题超出了像杰克这样的小孩的解决能力。

6. no more than意思是“仅仅，不过，只是”。例如：
（1）All his education added up to no more than one year. 他接受的所有的学校教育只有一年。
（2）Their new flat has no more than 60 square metres. 他们的新居只有60平方米。

7. not more than表示“至多，不超过”，例如：
Lying on the ground was a peasant boy of not more than seventeen.
躺在地上的那个农家男孩最多十七岁。

“情态动词＋完成时”是历年高考的热点，在做此类练习时，既需要掌握这一结构的基本用法，又应该仔细体会题干所提供的语言信息，准确理解语言环境和说话人的含义，尤其要注意题干中时态给予的暗示。为了便于同学们学习，现将这种结构的主要用法归纳如下：

1. must have done 表示对已经发生的事情的推测，意为“一定，想必”。这种结构一般只用于肯定句，其否定形式是can’t （couldn’t）have done ，表示“不可能，肯定不会”。例如：
He didn’t hear the phone . He must have been asleep.
他没有听到电话响，他肯定是已经睡着了。
He must have been to Shanghai.
他一定去过上海。
They can’t have gone out , because the light is on .
他们不可能出去，因为灯亮着。

2. can（could）have done表示对过去的时间内可能发生的事情的猜测，can have done 一般只用于否定句和疑问句。could have done 还可以用于肯定句，常用来表示本来可能完成而实际未完成的动作。例如：
He can’t have finished the work so soon.
这项工作他不可能完成得这样快。
We could have walked to the station , it was so near .
我们本来是可以走到车站去的，路很近。

3. may（might）have done 表示对已经发生的事情的不太肯定的推测，意为“可能已经，或许已经”。例如：
If we had taken the other road , we might have arrived earlier.
如果我们选择另一条路，我们可能会到得早一些。
He might have given you more help , he was very busy .
他本来是可以给你更多帮助的，尽管他很忙。

4. needn’t have done 指实际上做了本来不必要做的事，意为“本来不必”。例如：
There was plenty of time . She needn’t have hurried.
时间很充裕，她本不必匆忙。
You needn’t have told him the news.
他本来不必把这个消息告诉他。

5. should （ought to ）have done 指本该做而实际未做的事，意为“本来应该”。其否定式shouldn’t（oughtn’t）have done 则表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。例如：
You should have started earlier , but you didn’t.
你本应该早一点出发，但是你没有。
You ought to have helped him （but you didn’t ）. 你本应该帮助他。
We shouldn’t have waited for her because she never came.
我们本不应该等她，因为她根本不会来。

 倒装句分为全部倒装和部分倒装。全部倒装即把谓语提到主语之前，部分倒装即把谓语动词中一部分提到主语之前。究其原由，一是语法需要，二是修辞需要。但在实际应用中，特别是在复合句中，学生常常分不清楚是在主句中倒装，还是在从句中倒装。下面就中学英语中的这种现象加以列举。
（一）在主句中倒装
1. not only…but also…连接两个对等成分时
Not only was everything he had taken away from him, but also his German citizenship.
Not only should we not be afraid of difficulties, but we should overcome them.
2. so…that… 结构中，强调so 所修饰的词时，句子倒装
So loudly did he speak that every one of the class could hear him.
So shallow is the lake that no fish can live in it .
3. hardly (scarcely) …when…,no sooner…than…结构中，强调否定意义的词时
Hardly had I reached the bus stop when the bus started.
No sooner had he arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey.
4. not until位于句首时
Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realized how serious the problem was.
5. 有时为了平衡句子
Gone are the days when we used“foreign oil”.
At last came the day when he was to be thrown to the prison.
（二）在从句中倒装
1. as引导的让步状语从句中倒装
Child as he was, he knows a great deal.
Disabled as Paul was, he went on serving the people.
2. 虚拟语气中，如从句谓语含were, had should，则省去if用倒装
Were I not working, I would be quite willing to do what you ask me to.
Had I known, I might have joined you in the discussion.
3. 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句中
They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy.

英语中不少介词、连词及其短语，以肯定形式出现却表示否定意义。也就是说，这些词所表示的否定意义是隐藏着的，不易辨明，切不可粗心大意。现归纳如下：
1. prefer A to B“更喜欢A，不喜欢B”。
I prefer noodles to porridge. 我喜欢吃面条，不喜欢喝稀饭。
I prefer walking to running. 我喜欢散步，而不喜欢跑步。
2. rather than“是……，而不；宁愿……不愿”后接动词原形或名词等。
He preferred to do his homework rather than watch TV. 他宁愿做作业也不愿看电视。
3. would rather …than…“宁愿……不愿”，rather和than后面分别都要跟动词原形。
The young man would rather die than give in. 那个年轻人宁愿死也不愿意投降。
4. more…than“与其说……还不如”，more than…“不可能，简直不可能”。
She was more of a nurse than a doctor. 与其说她是医生，还不如说她是一个护士。
He is more brave than wise. 他有勇无谋。
The beauty of the place is more than I can describe. 这个地方的美丽远非我所能描述。
5. A no more…than B “A和B都不……”
He is no more honest than his brother. 他和他弟弟都不诚实。
6. instead of“代替，而不是”。
Instead of crying, each of them made a face. 他们不但没哭，反而做了个鬼脸。
We’ll have tea in the garden instead of in the house. 我们将在花园里喝茶，而不在屋内。
7. warn…against doing sth.…“警告某人不要做某事”，相当于warn sb. not to do sth.。
The doctor warned him against smoking. 医生告诫他不要抽烟。
They have been warned against killing the animals by the government. 他们已受到政府警告不要猎杀动物。
8. out of “without”之意
out of work 失业
out of patience 不耐烦
out of order 毫无秩序
out of control 无法控制
out of breath 接不上气来
9. far from“远非”相当于not at all 或instead of。
Your work is far from (being) satisfactory. 你的工作一点也不令人满意。
The newspaper accounts are far from being true. 报纸的报道远非事实。
10. but for “要不是……”
But for my brother’s help, I would not have finished the work. = Had it not been for my brother’s help, I would not have finished the work. 要不是我弟弟的帮助，我不会完成这工作。
But for the storm, we should have arrived earlier. 要是没有遇到暴风雨，我们还会早一些。
11. 连词before引导时间状语从句表否定。
Do it now before you forget. 现在就做，以免忘记了。
Before I could get in a word, he had measured me. 我来不及插话，他就为我量好了尺寸。
12. unless“除非，若不”
I shall return on Thursday unless something unexpected happens. (= I shall return on Thursday if something unexpected doesn’t happen.)如果不发生意外情况，我将在星期四回来。

大学常用词组（适用于高考）perfect and fantastic

be attentive to

in comparison with

be concerned with

in consequence

be out of employment失业

generation gap代沟

focus...on...

attach importance to重视

interfere in干预，干涉

on principle根据原则

be qualified to有资格做。。。

be remarkable for以。。。著称

account for说明, 占, 解决, 得分

take sth. into account重视，考虑

in addition加上, 又, 另外

in addition to加上, 除...外, 又

apply oneself　to致力于。。。

become of遭遇；发生； 变成; 结局是

eg.What has become of your uncle?

你叔叔的情况怎么样?

What will become of your research subject?

你们的研究课题前景怎样?

Whatever will become of the mischievous boy if he keeps behaving like that?

如果这个淘气的男孩继续这样下去,他将来会怎么样?

approve of赞成，满意

My parents don't approve of me smoking cigarettes.

我的父母不准许我吸烟。

assist in出席，参加；帮助

We all assisted in mending the roof.

我们都帮助修理屋顶。

attach to使依恋, 把...放

Professor Smith was attached to the medical college as a guest professor for two years.

史密斯教授在医学院当了两年的客座教授。

attend to 专心, 注意, 照顾

on behalf of代表...

border on 接壤

The United States borders on Canada.

美国接界于加

hang together结合在一起, 符合

cannot help but do

He cannot but move to another street, because his building has to be pulled down soon.

他不得不搬迁到另一条街上去,因为他住的大楼很快就要被推倒。

One's true feelings cannot but come through in what one says and does.

一个人的真实感情必然在他的言行中表现出来。

One cannot but be struck by the enthusiasm of the representatives present.

人们不能不被到场的代表们的热情所感动。

I cannot help doing so under these circumstances.

在这样的情况下我不得不这样做。

I cannot help but be sorry.

我不能不感到遗憾。

as concerns

关于

So far so good

到现在为止, 一直都还不错。

on the contrary

(与此)相反， (不是...)而是， 反之

wide awake=fully awake

in contrast

相反, 大不相同

in contrast to

和...形成对比［对照］

beyond control无法控制=out of control

in the course of在...期间

do justice to公平对待, 适当处理

launch out

出航， 出海, 开始新的事情

by nature生来，天生

out of question=beyond question=without question毫无疑问

out of the question不可能

worse still=to make things worse=worse to come=what's worse＝from bad to worse更糟地

in return for作为。。。的报答

seeing that因为，鉴于

a series of一连串的

He saw a series of white arrows painted on the road.

他看见马路上画有一连串白色箭头。

switch on/off（与on, off连用）开关（电器等设备）

think of...as把。。。看作。。。

on second thought（s）进一步考虑后

"To conclude, I wish you all good health and a long life."

"最后,祝大家健康长寿。"

作文中常用句套：

下文中出现的 A,B, “...”(某事物), "sb"( somebody), 要在写作中要根据上下文进行适当替换.

开头：

When it comes to ..., some think ... 　　　　　 There is a public debate today that ...

A is a common way of ..., but is it a wise one? 　Recently the problem has been brought into focus.

提出观点：

Now there is a growing awareness that... 　 It is time we explore the truth of ...

Nowhere in history has the issue been more visible.

进一步提出观点：

... but that is only part of the history. 　　　　 Another equally important aspect is ...

A is but one of the many effects. Another is ... 　 Besides, other reasons are...

提出假想例子的方式：

Suppose that... 　　　　　　　　　　　　  Just imagine what would be like if...

It is reasonable to expect... 　　　　　　　  It is not surprising that...

举普通例子：

For example(instance),... 　　　　　　　　　 ... such as A,B,C and so on (so forth)

A good case in point is... 　　　　　　　　　 A particular example for this is...

引用：

One of the greatest early writers said ... 　　　　　  "Knowledge is power", such is the reward of ...

"......". That is how sb comment ( criticize/ praise...). "......". How often we hear such words like there.

讲故事

（先说故事主体），this story is not rare. 　..., such dilemma we often meet in daily life.

..., the story still has a realistic significance. 　　　

提出原因：

There are many reasons for ... 　　　　　 Why .... , for one thing,...

The answer to this problem involves many factors.

Any discussion about this problem would inevitably involves ...

The first reason can be obviously seen. 　　　Most people would agree that...

Some people may neglect that in fact ... 　　 Others suggest that...

Part of the explanation is ...

进行对比：

The advantages for A for outweigh the disadvantages of... 　　　 Although A enjoys a distinct advantage ...

Indeed , A carries much weight than B when sth is concerned.

A maybe ... , but it suffers from the disadvantage that...

承上启下：

To understand the truth of ..., it is also important to see... A study of ... will make this point clear

让步：

Certainly, B has its own advantages, such as... 　　　　　I do not deny that A has its own merits.

结尾：

From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that ...　　　　　

In summary, it is wiser ...　　 In short...

Taking all these factors into accounts, we can reasonably reach the conclusion that...

在作文中引用合适的名言警句，会给你的文章增色许多。这里收集了我本人喜爱的一些名言，可能会对你有用。我们使用引用的位置可以在开头结尾或正文段落中，

常见的使用形式如下：

One of the greatest early writers said ... 　　　　 "Knowledge is power", such is the reward of ...

"......". That is how sb comment ( criticize/ praise...). "......". How often we hear such words like there.

Useful quotations

逆境

In every adversity there lies the seed of an equivalent advantage. In every defeat there is a lesson showing you how to win the victory next time.

努力与成功

Opportunities are usually disguised as hard work, so most people don't recognize them.

坚持

No one can cheat you out of ultimate success but yourselves.

Confucius 孔子

Our greatest glory is not in never falling...

but in rising every time we fall.

坚持

To keep a lamp burning we have to keep putting oil in it.

Nothing is particularly hard if you divide it into small jobs.

Never, never, never, never give up.

In the middle of difficulty lies opportunity.

努力与成功

Those who aim at great deeds must suffer greatly.

There is no substitute for hard work.

The strongest of all warriors are these two- Time and Patience.

I'm a great believer in luck,

and I find the harder I work...

the more I have of it.

Success is the sum of small efforts, repeated day in and day out.

Luck is a dividend of sweat. The more you sweat, the luckier you get.

实际经验与间接经验

You'll learn more about a road by traveling it...

than by consulting all the maps in the world.

动机与结果

Winning isn't everything...

but wanting to win is.

We choose to go to the moon and other things , not because they are easy, but because they are hard.

The strong do what they will.

The weak do what they must.

为人态度：

Talent is God given--Be Humble.

Fame is man given-- Be Thankful.

Conceit is self given --Be Careful.

行动：

Do what you can , with what you have , with where you are.

No one knows what he can do till he tries.

There is nothing so easy but that it becomes difficult when you do it reluctantly.

A wise man turns chance into good fortune.

Prosperity is a great teacher;

adversity is a greater.

No pains, no palm;

no thorns, no throne;

no gall , no glory;

no cross, no crown.

Even if you're on the right track, you'll get run over... if you just sit there.

Opportunity rarely knocks on your door.

Knock rather on opportunity's door if you ardently wish to enter.

成功与失败

It's not whether you get knocked down.

...It's whether you get up again.

An optimist sees an opportunity in every calamity;

a pessimist sees a calamity in every opportunity.

热情（年轻/年老）

Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm.

信心

The will to do springs from the knowledge that we can do.

Few things are impossible to diligence and skill.

Lost time is never found again.

No problem can stand the assault of sustained thinking.

Victory belongs to the most persevering.

细心

Leave no stone unturned.

计划与工作

Plan your work for today and every day;

then work your plan.

Failure is only the opportunity to more intelligently begin again.

I start where the last man left off.

理想与现实

What the mind of man can conceive and believe,

the mind of a man can achieve.

勤奋

Plough deep while sluggards sleep.

目标

In the lone run men hit only what they aim at.

幸运

Luck is not chance...

It's toil...

Fortune's expensive smile is earned.

勤奋

Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration.

想象力

Imagination is more important than knowledge.

挑战：

The great pleasure in life is doing what people say you cannot do.

机会与准备

I will prepare and some day my chance will come.

信心与事实

Whether you think you can or think you can't -- you are right.

English Proverb

There is no failure excepting no longer trying.

Luck is what happens when preparation meets opportunity.