高三英语非谓语动词解题法

2014-5-11 0:24:50 下载本试卷

高三英语非谓语动词解题法

非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动词的-ing形式和过去分词。非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化,也不随着主语的变化而变化。非谓语动词是高中英语教学的难点之一,也是高考的热点同时也是容易失分的内容之一。学生在学习中除了要熟记常用的固定的搭配外,还可以从下列方面着手。

l     从固定搭配着手
在非谓语动词的教学中,学生最初接触的是固定搭配。固定搭配的句型基本是没有很多的变化,根据固定搭配可以帮助学生排除干扰的选项,以不变应万变。

l     从否定结构着手
1 What worried the child most was ______ to visit his mother in the hospital.
   A. his not allowing       B. his not being allowed
   C. his being not allowed     D. having not been allowed
[解题思路首先从非谓语动词的否定结构着手:否定词 + 非谓语动词结构
因此排除C和D;从句子意思考虑,动作是被动的,所以最后答案是B。
2 ______ a reply, he decided to write again. (全国高考,92—39)
   A. Not receiving        B. Receiving not
   C. Not having receiving     D. Having not received
[解题思路] 首先从非谓语动词的否定结构着手:否定词 + 非谓语动词结构因此排除B和D; 动作发生的时间上判断,动作发生在decided之前,因此答案为C.

l     还原句子结构
A. 在复合句中, 要尽量还原横线的所在句子
1. It was ____ computer games that cost the boy a lot of time he ought to have
 spent on his lessons.
  A. to have played B. playing   C. played    D. having played
[解题思路] 从句子类型分析, 这是强调句型, 强调句子的某一成分, 其结构为 “It is/was + 被强调部分 + that + 句子的剩余部分”.去掉题干中的It is(was) … that, 可以看出被强调部分为主语:_____ computer games cost the boy a lot of time he ought to have spent on his lessons. 从非谓语动词的用途分析, 过去分词不能充当句子的主语,先排除D; 不定式的结构多于表将来或目的,而谓语中的cost 说明动作已经发生,再排除A, 剩下B和D; 从常用表达来讲, A为正确答案。
2. The teacher often tells him to spend as much time as he ____ his lessons.
   A. can do to study       B. can studying
   C. possibly studying      D. possible to study
[解题思路这道题相当多学生第一时间就排除选项B, 他们认为这种结构是不可能对的。 这个句子有两个主语,并且有一个连词,说明是复合句。解题的关键是要将不完整的句子补全:…as he can spend much time studying his lessons; 由于从句的谓语与主句相同可以省略且这个句子是定语从句,先行词不能重复出现在从句中,因此句子为:…as much time as he can studying his lessons. 所以正确答案为B。

B. 在被动句中,要尽量将句子还原成为主动句相当的考题中,考查的热点多放在将主动句的宾语前置,宾语之后还带有介词的情况。 
3. Every minute is made full _____ of _____ our lessons.
   A. to use; study  B. use: studying   C. use; study  D. use; to study
[解题思路] 这道题很多学生都会选择C, 他们认为介词之后要接动词的-ing 形式。将这句话还原成为主动句为:We make full of every minute to study our lessons. 由此可见答案为D.
C. 句子中有插入其他的句子或短语:现在的英语考题中,采取许多障眼法来迷惑学生,这就要求学生能正确的识别。
4. With ____ she needed ____, she left the market happily.
   A. all, bought       B. something, to be bought
   C. all; buying       D. everything; to buy
[解题思路] 从need的结构分析:主语是人,其搭配为sb needs to do sth.,故排除B和C;从用途和意义分析,不定式强调未做,而句子意思是已买动作已经完成,因此正确答案为A.
5. How about the two of us _____(take) a walk?
[解题思路how about后接动词的—ing 形式, the two of us 实际上是插入语用来混淆学生视线,造成判断上的失误。

l     从一致着手
1 The secretary worked late into the night, ______ a long speech for the  
   president. (全国高考, 91—33)
    A. to prepare  B. preparing  C. prepared   D. was preparing
[解题思路] 在使用非谓语动词时,语法规则上要求两个动作的主语一致,并且两个动作之间没有并列连词。这道例题符合上述要求,首先排除最后一个选项;动作是主动发出且和谓语同时发生,故再排除A和C。
2  Once lost, _____ .
   A. it is hard to get such a chance again.
   B. to get such a chance will be difficult
   C. one can never get such a chance again
   D. such a chance might never come again
[解题思路] 这道题不考非谓语动词的使用,考题的目的是要求学生要牢记使用非谓语动词是的条件,其中之一是:两个动作的主语要一致。从句子的意思分析,主语是a chance, 因此答案为D。
3 Fishing is his favorite hobby, and _____.
   A. he’d like to collect coins as well
   B. he feels like collecting coins, too
   C. to collect coins is also his hobby
   D. collecting coins also gives him great pleasure
[解题思路] 结构一致,前一句的主语是fishing, 因此后一句与前一句对称,故选择D