高三英语词法

He had little idea that it was getting so late, did he?

为什么不用was it?什么时候小分句与从句的动词对应？
请参看下面的第11条规则。

-He had little idea that it was getting so late, did he?

-Yes.此回答表示yes, he had little idea吗？
不是。Yes, he did.不， 他知道。补全应是：Yes, he knew that it was getting so late.如果用No回答则是：No, he had little idea that it was getting so late. (是的)

小议反意疑问句（附加问句）Question Tags or Tag QFuestions

  附加问句是指跟在叙述句或祁使句之后的短问句. 是由“助动词+主语”构成。构成要点分述如下：

1.　　　 叙述句。 Mr Lee lives here, doesn’t he? / Mary is coming tomorrow, isn’t she?
　　　　 You had better change your wet shoes, hadn’t you? (注意had better 的附加问句形式是：hadn’t +主语)
　　People shouldn’t tell a lie unless it’s necessary, should they?
　　You couldn’t lend me your car, could you? (or I suppose?)
　　You don’t know of any houses for rent anywhere round here, do you?

2.　　　 前者是肯定时后者用否定，前者是否定时后者用肯定。所谓否定，不限于动词部分有否定的字not, 只要有no, no one, none,　neither, nobody, nothing, few, little, hardly, scarcely, barely, rarely, seldom等否定的字都视为否定，后者都改用肯定。如：
He has few good reasons for doing so, has he?
You have very little time for writing, have you?
He seldom gives his wife a present, does he?
You’ve hardly slept at all this week, have you?
Nobody came while I was out, did they?

3.　　　 前后的助动词必须相同，前者若无助动词，后者则用do /does/did。如：
You must obey your parents, mustn’t you?
(例外) 前者若是used to（表示过去的习惯），后者虽可用usedn’t, 但口语中通常都用 didn’t.如：
You used to have a picture on that wall, didn’t (or usedn’t) you?

4.　　　 前者的动词是have/ has /had而含义是“有”时，后者仍可用have /has /had, 但是美语中常用do /does/did; 如果含义不是“有”，一律用do /does/did。如：
He has a good memory, hasn’t (or doesn’t) he?
You had ( = received) a letter from home this morning, didn’t you? (不可以用hadn’t you?)
Your father has (= takes =eats) bread and milk for breakfast, doesn’t he?(不可以用hasn’t he?)

5.　　　 前者若是“I am”，后者在正式的场合用“am I not?“，在非正式的口语中则用”aren’t I?”。如：
I am late, am I not (or aren’t I)?

6.　　　 前者和后者的时态必须相同。如：
Your mother played the piano wonderfully, didn’t she?

7.　　　 前者的主语若是nothing,　anything, something, everything, 或是指非人的all, 或是非指人的指示代词that, this, 由于后者的主语必须时人称代词，若以一律用it。如：
Nothing can stop our going, can it?
All we want is peace and prosperity, isn’t it?
That was the last bus, wasn’t it?

8.　　　 前者的主语若是no one, none, neither, nobody, anybody, anyone, 或是指人时的all, these, those, 后者的主语都用they。 如：
Nobody should drop litter on pavements, should they?
No one would object, would they?
Neither of them complained, did they?
Those over there are your students, aren’t they?

9.　　　 前者的主语是句子或短语时，后者的主语用it。如：
What she said was not believable, was it?
Being idle is the cause of his failure, isn’t it?

10.　 前者的主语部位是there时后者的主语部分仍用there。 如：
There won’t be any trouble, will there?
There’s no one else in the room, is there?

11.　 原则上，复句之后的附加问句是和主句一致，与从句无关。如：
She said her husband had gone abroad, didn’t she?
People shouldn’t tell a lie unless it is necessary, should they?
(例外)主句是(第一人称)I suppose / think / consider / believe / imagine / guess时，附加问句要以名词从句谓依据。如：
I suppose he ought to have known that, oughtn’t he?
I don’t suppose anyone will volunteer, will they?

12.　 祁使句
A. 表示邀请的祁使句之后的附加问句用”won’t you”?
Sit down, won’t you? / Do sit down, won’t you?
Have a cup of tea, won’t　you?
B. 表示请求可用 “will you? would　you ? can you ? could you?”
 Give me a hand, will you?
 Open a window, would you?
 Get me some stamps, can (or could) you?
C. 祁使句之后用can’t you?是表示“很不耐烦“的意思。如：
Be quiet, can’t you?
Shut up, can’t you?
D. Let’s start early, shall we (or okay)?
　Let’s go home, shall we?
E. Don’t touch him, will you?
　Don’t forget, will you?

13.　 情态动词与have done或do (be) 连用，表示猜测或虚拟时，附加问句不能用情态动词构成，而应看原来的句子应该用什麽时态的对应助动词构成。如：
They must have been here the day before yesterday, didn’t they?
He must be home, isn’t he?