过去分词做定语,表语的用法

1.　　　 过去分词作定语

过去分词作定语需要注意如下几个方面的问题:

(1)过去分词作定语时,所表示的时间概念:

1)多表示已完成的动作.例如:

A .The broken glasses are mine.

B. The book written in English is about “The differences between American English and

British English”.

　　　 2)表示分词的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前.例如:

A.　A letter posted yesterday will probably reach her next week.

B.　He wants to buy a used car.

3) 没有一定的时间性.例如:

A. I don’t like to see letters written in pencil.

B. His spoken English is excellent.

(2)过去分词作定语在句中的位置:

1)　　  单个的过去分词作定语一般位于所修饰的名词之前.例如:

spoken English　_________________　一只受过训练的狗　____________________

一条结了冰的河流 _____________________

注意　不及物动词的过去分词一般不能作前置定语,能作前置的仅限于 escaped,

faded, fallen, risen, grown等.例如:

the risen sun ______________________　　落叶　_______________________

2)　　  过去分词与副词,名词,形容词构成复合形容词作定语时,位于被修饰的名词之前.

例如:

　 a newly—built road  __________________　 a man—made satellite _________________

　 一个高度发达的国家　________________________

3)　　  过去分词短语作定语,通常放在被修饰的名词之后.例如:

A.　　　There is anything arranged for the vacation ?

B. There are many person killed in that accident .

注意:  某些单个的过去分词作定语也必须作后置定语. 例如: There is no time left .

A.　　  某些动词的过去分词作定语时,既可作前置定语,又可作后置定语,但含义不同. 例如:

A. The method used is very efficient .

B. This is a used book .

C. The book given to him is an English novel .

D.　　 We will be meeting at a given time and place .

　(3) 某些动词的过去分词作定语时, 多半用来修饰人. 这类过去分词多是表示人物的心理特征或情感变化的动词. 如:delighted , devoted , discouraged , amused , astonished , frightened , moved , inspired , encouraged , puzzled , tired , worried , excited .

  For example :　A. The tired boy fell into asleep very soon .

B. The puzzled mother come to her daughter’s teacher for help .

C. The frightened baby kept crying .

2.　　　 过去分词作表语

(1)　  过去分词做表语与被动语态的差异:

①　　 The store is now closed .(系表)

The library is usually closed at 8:00 p.m. (被动)

②　　 The novel is well written . (系表)

The novel is written by LuXun . (被动)

(2)　  某些过去分词作表语,多半用来表示人物所处的心理状态或情感变化, 其主语多半是人, 这类过去分词通常为下列过去分词: delighted, devoted, discouraged , astonished, frightened, excited, inspired, encouraged, interested, contented, pleased, puzzled, satisfied, tired, worried, ect .

这些分词几乎都可以看作形容词, 其中很多可以被very修饰. 在口语中, 用very代替much来修饰过去分词的现象, 越来越普遍. 例如:

A.　　  On hearing the good news everyone was excited .

B.　　  We are very pleased at the news .

Exercises in class :

(　 ) 1. Most of the people ___ to the party were famous scientists .

A.　　 invited　　　B. to invited　　 C. being invited　　 D. inviting

(　 ) 2. The computer centers , ____ last year , is very popular among the students in this school .

　A. open　　B. opening　　　C. having opened　　　D. opened　

(　 ) 3. What an ___ game ! I’m really ___ at it .

A.　　 excited, exciting　　　　 B. exciting, excited　

C. excited, exciting　　　　  D. exciting, exciting

(　 ) 4. The ground is ___ with the ___ leaves .

A.　　 covering, falling　B. covered, falling　C. covered, fallen　D. covering, fallen

(　 ) 5. We are all ___ to see that ___ child .

A.　　 pleasing, smiled　　　　　　　  B. pleasing, smiling　

C. pleased, smiling　　　　　　　　 D. pleased, smiling

(　 ) 6. The television is a ___ machine .

A.　　 newly—inventing　　　　　　  B. newly—invented　

C. newly—intent　　　　　　　　　D. newly—invention

(　 ) 7. The ___ price will save you one dollar for each dozen .

A.　　 reduce　　　B. reduced　　　C. reducing　　　 D. reduces .

(　 ) 8. Romeo , ___ that Juliet was dead , decided to kill himself .

A.　　 believe　　 B. to believe　　　C. believing　　  D. believes

(　 ) 9. When ___ this machine you must remember the instructions.

A.　　 to use　　　 B. used　　　　 C. using　　　　 D. uses

(　 ) 10. Jones and Smith came in , ___by their wives.

　A. following　　 B. to follow　　 C. and followed　　D. followed