类型

例　　　　　  句

说　　明

 完 全

 倒 装

Out rushed the students to welcome the foreign friends.

学生们涌出去欢迎外国朋友。

整个谓语移至主语之前。

 部 分

 倒 装

Seldom does he go to school late.

他上学很少迟到。

只把系动词，情态动词，助动词或表语放在主语之前。

疑

问

句

中

Have you got a dictionary?

你有一本字典吗？

Where did he go last Monday?

上星期一他去什么地方了？

Are you listening to the radio?

你在听广播吗？

Who told you the news?

谁告诉你那个消息的？

Which boy broke this glass?

哪个男孩子把这个玻璃打破了？

用完全或部分倒装，但以疑问词或疑问词修饰的名词作主语的疑问句要用正常语序。

“there be”结构中

There are three wells in our village.

我们村里有三口水井。

There stands a big paper making factory by the river.

河边有座大型造纸厂。

在以here, there, now, then, in, away, up down等副词开头的句子中

Here is a letter for you.

这儿有你一封信。

There goes the bell. 铃响了。

Now comes your turn to play.

现在轮到你玩了。

Away went the crowd one by one .

人们一个一个地离去。

Look, there he comes!　 看，他来了。

Down she went　她下来了。

使用完全倒装结构。

但如果主语是代词则用正常语序。

在以neither nor 或no more开头的句子中

I can’t swim, nor (neither)can she .

我不会游泳，她也不会。

He hasn’t been to the countryside, neither does he want to go there.

他没有去过农村，他也不想去那里。

He did not turn up. No more did his wife.

他没有来，他妻子也没有来。

表示……也不这样， neither和nor意思相同，可以替换使用，no more表示动作的程度并不比前面提到的稍强。意为也不…。

用在as（尽管）引导的让步状语从句中

Proud as the nobles are ,he is afraid to see me .

尽管这些贵族很傲慢，他却害怕见我。

Young as he is, he knows a lot .

虽然他年轻，却知道很多东西。

从属连句as用于特殊语序，含义与though, although相同，但“as”这种结构可表示非常强烈的对照，必须用倒装（表语提前）

含有否定意义的副词或连词放在句首时

Never before have we seen such a sight.

以前我们从来没有见过这样的情景。

Little did I think that he could be back alive.

我没有想到他竟能活着回来。

Not until New Year’s Day shall I give you a gift.

我要到元旦那天才能给你礼物。

Not only was everything that he had taken away from him, but also his German citizenship.

不仅他所有的一切被没收了，而且连他的德国公民权也被剥夺了。

常用否定词有：　　　 never,not,hardly,

scarcely seldom, little, not until, not only…but also, no sooner …than, hardly (scarcely)…when等。一般主句用部分倒装结构。

副词only放在句首时

Only then did he realize his mistakes .

只有在那时，他才认识到自己的错误。

Only in this way can you learn maths well .

只有用这种方法，你才能学好数学。

Only Mother can understand me .

只有母亲最理解我。

Only three of us failed in the exam.

我们中只有三个人考试不及格。

only 起强调作用，其句型为“only +状语+部分倒装”。

如置于句首的only修饰主语，则不用倒装结构。

虚拟语气条件从句中

Were they here, they would help us .

他们要是在这儿，他们会帮助我们的。

Had I been informed earlier. I could have done something.

我要是早得到通知，我就能干事了。

Should you fail, take more pain and try again.

万一你失败了，就要更加刻苦，重新再干。

把从句中if省略将were，had或should放在主语的前面。

直接引语的全部或一部分放在句首时

“He is a clever boy”said the teacher.

老师说：“他是个聪明的孩子。”

“Go, Dick, go!”cried Tom,“Go home and get help”“走，狄克，走！”汤姆呼喊着，“快回家去求援”

“What do you think of the film? ”he asked.

他问“你认为这部电影怎么样？”

“I’m leaving for Hongkong next month”Mary told me yesterday.

玛利告诉我“我下月要去香港”。

主句主语和谓语次序颠倒，用完全倒装。

但如果主句主语为代词时或谓语部分比主语长，一般不用倒装。

表示祝愿的句子中

May you succeed!　祝你成功。

Long live the Communist Party of China.

中国共产党万岁！

谓语动词或谓语的一部分放在主语的前面。

副词so在句首

He is interested in pop-songs, and so am I .

他对流行歌曲感兴趣，我也如此。

They will learn chemistry next term, so will I .

他们下学期学化学，我也学。

I can drive a car, so can my younger brother.

我会开汽车，我弟弟也会开车。

表示前面所说的情况也适合于另一个人或另一事物的肯定句中。

—Tom won the first prize for the English

　 competition.

－So he did.

英语竞赛汤姆获得了一等奖。确实如此。

It was cold yesterday. So it was .

昨天天气冷。的确冷。

如果后面的句子只是单纯重复前句的意思，不表示也适用于另一人或事，则不用倒装结构。

在频度状语often, always, many a time等开头的句子中

Often did we warn them not to do so.

我们曾多次警告他们不要这样做。

Many a time has she helped me with my English.

她不止一次地帮助或学习英语。

在方式状语thus开头的句子中及程度状语so放句首

Thus ended his life.这样结束了他的生命。

So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him .

他讲话的声音那样大，连隔壁屋子里的人都听得见。

介词短语作状语，放在句首

In the middle of the room stood a little girl.

在房间中央站着一个小女孩。

In the distance was a horse.

马在远处。

在强调表语的句子中

Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man of great achievements.

阿尔伯特·曼因斯坦就是这样一个人，一个纯朴而又取得巨大成就的人。

Such is life. 生活就是这样。

Nearby were two canoes in which they had come to the island.

附近有两只他们来这个岛乘坐的独木船。

表语提前，不仅为了强调，而且为了使句子结构达到平衡协调，或使上下文紧密衔接。