Unit 16 Social and personal
一. 课文理解
【单元预习】
课文预习与理解
1．What experience did Fred Pearson have one morning in 1961?
2．What did Fred realize?
3．What does the author think about the part-time job?
4．What are the three good reasons the author put forward?
【答疑解惑】
句子分析
1．There are many things to be learnt when you start working.
There is a lot of work to do. (可以)
There is a lot of work to be done.（可以）
I have a lot of work to do.（可以）
I have a lot of work to be done.（不可以）
2． It is quite possible that the thief might put some meat in your bag, hoping you will be caught and called a thief.
1).It is +adj. +that …
It is certain that …;It is clear that… ;It is lucky that… ;It is impossible that…
It作形式主语，而that引导主语从句，是真正的主语。
如：It is certain that he will take the old chairman’s place one day.
It is impossible that Mr. Brown can pass the driving test without any difficulty .
2) hoping… 结构做伴随状语。
3． here is no doubt about the correct thing to do.
doubt作名词，结构如下：
I have a doubt whether he will come back at once. (whether引导同位语从句)
I have no doubt that he will come back at once. (that引导同位语从句)
There is no doubt about that.
There is no doubt as to who will win the match.
I have some doubt about his coming back at once.
语言重点
1．They spent a full and very enjoyable morning together, and Fred discovered that he had a gift for making a visit interesting and lively.
a)gift禀赋，天生的才能，是可数名词，后面可接of或for＋名词或v+ing，也可接不定式作定语。
Mother has a gift for making people feel at home.
He has a gift for music.
She had a natural gift for teaching.
You have the gift to describe people.
gifted是形容词。
He is a gifted man, isn’t he?
The composer is also a gifted pianist.
b)interesting and lively是两个形容词作宾语补足语。
2．Fred realized that he had discovered an interesting and enjoyable way of making money.
make money赚钱，如：
The company made money on that deal.
He made his money buying and selling land for house building.
3． or one thing, when you earn money, you will not have to keep on asking
your parents for money.
i. for one thing(用来说明理由)首先，如：
The teacher said, “You get a low mark, for one thing, because you did not do your homework.”
I can’t go. For one thing I have no money, and for another, I have too much work.
ii. keep on doing意思是在短期内继续做某事(doing something at repeated short intervals, repeat an action)指用于动作，不用于状态，如：
Don’t keep on asking questions.
He kept on smoking all the while.
3. It is a good idea to start a part-time job so long as it does not affect your studies.
a)so long as等于as long as。
as long as原指时间，so long as原指条件，现在往往互换使用，如：
It is hard to avoid mistakes, but so long as you correct them, it will be all right.
You may borrow the book so (as) long as you keep it clean.
As long as I live, I’ll raise my level.
b)affect是动词，effect是名词，不可相混。affect多指不好的影响，如：
The war and suffering that it caused affected him greatly.
He was affected in character by environment.
Are your interests affected by it?
Effect常用于have an effect on这一短语中，以前有论述，在此省略。
4. Generally you will have a greater chance of finding a suitable job if you gave done some part-time jobs.
Suitable(adj.)适合，指适于人的年龄，性格，职业，地位，又指适合于事的目的，场合，条件等，特别指适合于地位，场合。如：
I was at a loss to find something to say for the occasion.
This word is more suitable in this context.
These shoes are not suitable for walking in the country.
fit(adj.)意思是适合，主要指有资格，能力，条件适合某种目的。如：
He is not fit to be a member of this club.
The manager is not fit for his position.
These shoes are not fit to wear.
5. Now the manager has found that things are missing.
miss主要意义如下：
i. 未能击中，未能赶上，未能抓到，未能听到，未能看到等。如：
I must hurry, or I shall miss the bus.
You have missed the target.
He missed my meaning.
ii. missing作形容词用，表示“失掉，不见”，强调应有而缺少。如：
A word seems to be missing here.
I found a number of books missing.
iii. miss和lost的区别是，前者只表示“不见”，后者有“遗失，不易找到”的含义。如：
Several children were lost.
二. 语法详释
【要点归纳】被动语态
英语语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。
（一）被动语态主要用于以下几种情况：
1． 动作的承受者是谈话和中心，强调或突出动作承受者的作用时。
(1) Li Ming was elected chairman of the meeting.
(2) Electricity is widely used in our everyday life.
(3) English and Japanese are taught in our school.
2． 只知道动作的承受者，不知道动作的发出者时。
(1) A note was passed up to the speaker.
(2) Machines are put into action.
(3) Paper was first made in China.
3． 为了某种缘故（如礼貌，婉转，修辞上的需要），不愿说出动作发出者是谁时。
(1) You are expected to finish it in time.
(2) It’s hoped that you’ll have a chance to visit China again.
(3) You are cordially invited to a party to be given at the club at 2 p.m. June 25.
（二）具有双宾语的句子被动语态的改法
具有双宾语的句子改为被动语态时可以把两个宾语中的任何一个作为主语。但一般把代表人的宾语改为主语。
1. He gave me a new dictionary.
(1) I was given a new dictionary.
(2) A new dictionary was given to me.
2. Grandma Li told the children an interesting story.
(1) The children were told an interesting story.
(2) An interesting story was told to the children.
（三）某些动词短语的作用相当于一个及物动词，改为被动时不能丢掉后面的介词。
1. They take good care of the children.
→The children are taken good care of.
2. The students will put on a new play at the party.
→A new play will be put on at the party.
（四）在动词make, have, let, see, hear, watch, notice后，如有动词不定式作宾补时，须将不定式中的to省去。但改为被动语态时，to不能省。
1. The boss made the workers work long hours before liberation.
→The workers were made to work long hours before liberation.
2. They often watch us play ball.
→We are often watched to play ball.
（五）被动语态与过去分词作表语的区别。
1． 被动语态表示动作，过去分词作表语表示状态。
2． 被动语态中若动作已经发生要用过去时态，而过去分词作表语表示一般的情况经常可以用一般现在时。
3． 在被动语态中，如果要表明动作是谁发出的可用by短语来表示。过去分词作表语则可跟不同的介词短语。
注意下列几组句子中被动语态与过去分词作表语的不同之处。
(1) The window was broken by a little boy.
The window is broken now.
(2) We were all moved by her story.
Hearing her story, we are all moved.
(3) The children were quickly dressed and taken for a walk in the garden.
The children were well dressed.
(4) I was praised by the teacher for what I had done.
The teacher was satisfied with what I had done.
【高考焦点】
1. Cleaning women in big cities usually get __________ by the hour . NMET1998
A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay
解析 ：本题中get 相当于助动词be ，后面加过去分词构成被动语态，过去分词含有被动的作用，A项视为名词，表示工资应该说 get one’s pay ， B,D干扰不大，容易排除。故选C。
2．When a pencil is partly in a glass of water , it looks as if it _______ . NMET1995
A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken
解析 ：as if引导的从句往往用虚拟语气，在这种情况下，用一般过去时表示“现在好象” ；用过去完成时表示 “过去曾经好象 ”；用过去将来时表示 “将来好象 ”。题中 as if 引导的表语从句显然是表示“现在好象是…… ”。故选C .
基础训练题:
1. —Have you moved into the new house?
—Not yet, the rooms ______.
A. are being painted B. are painting C. are painted D. are being painting
2. Both my brothers work at the power station that ______ in my hometown.
A. has set up B. has been set up C. was set up D. is set up
3. Great changes ______ taken place in China in the past 14 years.
A. has been B. had been C. have D. had
4. For the first time in their lives Mathilde and her husband ______ to an important ball.
A. were invited B. was invited C. have been invited D. had been invited
5. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ______.
A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken
6. Was everything Jim ______ away by the robbers last night?
A. taken B. had taken C. owned took D. like to take
7. If city noises ______from increasing, people ______ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.
A. are not kept; will have to B. are not kept; have to
C. do not keep; will have to D. do not keep; have to
8. In some parts of the world, tea ______ with milk and sugar.
A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served
9. The development of agriculture ______.
A. should be taken care B. ought to be paid attention
C. must be care D. must be paid attention to
10. Jack didn’t realize he ______.
A. was making fun of B. was made fun
C. was being made fun of D. was being made fun
11. I ______ that the problem ______.
A. am told; was being solved B. was told; had been solved
C. told; was solved D. talked about; had been solved
12. This kind of tractors ______ everywhere in China.
A. can be seen B. is able to see C. have seen D. is able see
13. Such a terrible mistake ______ next time.
A. ought not to be made B. ought to not make
C. shouldn’t to be made D. mustn’t make
14. “A Tale of Two Cities” ______ by a well-known English writer, Charles Dickens.
A. were written B. was written C. have written D. has written
15. When I got to the cinema, the film ______ for half an hour.
A. was already begun B. had already begun
C. has been on D. had been on
16. ______ French ______ in that country?
A. Does…spoken B. Do…speak C. Are…spoken D. Is…spoken
17. He will miss the football match unless it ______ put off till the next day.
A. was B. will be C. is D. were
18. I remember ______ for the fob, but I forget the exact amount.
A. to be paid B. being paid C. to paid D. paying
19. Don’t leave for there until ______ to do so.
A. you’ll be told B. being told C. telling D. you’re told
20. The girl ______, that is, she ______ a ______ shot.
A. was shot dead…died of…deathly B. shot at death…died for…dead
C. was shot to death…died from…deadly D. was shot deadly…dead of…dying
三. 词语探究
【重点词语讲解】
doubt用法
1. 在否定陈述句中doubt 接that而不接 if 或 whether
e.g. I don’t doubt that he’s telling the truth .
2. ( in simple statements )在简单的陈述句中 that ,if 与whether都可以使用
e.g. I doubt that /if /whether he’s coming .
3．doubt n.
4． here’s no doubt that he’ll come on time .
without doubt
in doubt 不一定，不能肯定
e.g. The whole matter is still in doubt .
【重点词语辨析】
instead ,instead of的区别
instead是副词只能单独使用，可位于句首，也可位于句末。用于句首，通常对上句含有否定意义。Instead 引出相反情况。用于句末，常用于两个各自独立的句子，他虽然表示代替的含义，但也常译为“而” “反之” “相反”。有时干脆不译。例 ：
She never studies. Instead, she plays tennis all day.
I don’t like that. Give me this instead.
Instead of 是介词短语，可接名词，代词，v-ing形式 。 instead of 的前后一般表示一正一反，即肯定一面和否定的一面，常译为“代替” “而不” “不是”“反而”等 。例：
I’ll go instead of you.
When water freezes, it becomes larger in volume instead of smaller.
common ,ordinary的区别
common主要含义是“常见的” ，“普通的” ，“不足为奇的”，有时引申为“平凡”的意思。例：
Smith is a very common name in England.
Common也有“公共的”，“共有的”之意
Parks in a town are common property.
In common 中的 common是名词，（和。。。。。。）有共同之处。例 ：
They have a lot in common.
in common with 和。。。。。。一样（作状语）。例：
In common with many people, he prefers classical music to pop .
ordinary 平常，平淡无奇。例：
His speech is just ordinary.
She was of ordinary height.
四. 口语交际
表示歉意的用语
以下列提示为背景，写出你的致歉答语。
1. One of your friend lend you a TV set and you forgot to return it.
2. After a party you didn’t wait for your friends and went home alone.
3. The party was very noisy last night, which troubled your neighbours.
4. One of your friends gave you a gift, and you forgot to thank her.
五.探究性学习
【高考语法训练】 代词
代词可分为八种:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词。
(1)人称代词
人称代词有主格、宾格两种形式，在句中作主语时用其主格形式，在句中做动词宾语及介词宾语时用其宾语形式。（注：做动名词短语的逻辑主语时口语中使用其宾格形式）
(2)物主代词 形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词
|
类别 | 我的 | 你的 | 他、她、它的 | 我们的 | 你们的 | 他们的 |
| 形容词性的 | my | Your | his, her, its | our | your | Their |
| 名词性的 | mine | yours | his, hers, its | ours | yours | theirs |
词义物主代词的用法：
① 形容词性物主代词作定语：I love my work at school.
② 名词性物主代词作主语、宾语和表语：My pen is on the desk, and yours（主语）is on the desk, too. I didn’t borrow her pencil. I borrowed his（宾语）. Whose books is this? It’s hers（表语）.
③ “of+名词性的物主代词”：a friend of mine（我有一个朋友）。（表示部分观念，意即我有不少朋友，他是其中之一。）
④ 可以和own连用，以表示衬托对比的含义。
例：Mind your own business.
We want to have a house of our own.
(3)反身代词 反身代词的人称和数
| 数 人称 | 单数 | 复数 |
| 第一人称 | myself | ourselves |
| 第二人称 | yourself | yourselves |
| 第三人称 | himself, herself, itself | themselves |
反身代词在句中可作宾语、表语和同位语，一般对句中主语是起强调作用。
注：by oneself=alone; without help
I went there by myself.（一个人去那）
I went there myself.（亲自去那）
（4）疑问代词
① who提问时对‘谁’的范围无限制。
例：Who has taken away my glasses?
which提问时对‘谁’的范围有限制，可与of连用。
例：Which of you has take away my glasses.
② What选择的基础是无限制的。
例：What materials would you like for extensive reading? （泛读）
which指在一定范围内进行选择。
例：which one do you prefer for this week’s assignment.
（5）指示代词
指示代词有this, that, these, those, it, such, same等。
① this, that, these, those的用法：
(a)在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。例如：
This is my pen.（主语） Do you want this? （宾语）
That book is mine.（定语） What I want is this.（表语）
(b)this(these)一般用来指时间和空间上接近的人或物；而that(those)常指时间和空间上较远的人或物。例如：
This is a pen and that is a pencil.
These days we are very busy.
(c)this(these)一般指后面要讲的事物；而that(those)常指前面讲过的事物。例如：
What he told me is this; he wanted to go to Beijing.
He didn’t come. That is why he didn’t know.
(d)that(those)常用来指前面提到过的名词。例如：
This book is not so interesting as that I read yesterday.(that代替the book)
② such的用法：
(a)such一般在句中作定语和主语。例如：
Such is my answer.（主语）
I have never seen such beautiful flowers.（定语）
(b)such用作定语时，它所修饰的名词前的不定冠词a(an)应放在such之后。例如：
He is such an interesting person.
③ same的用法：
same可用作定语、主语、表语和宾语。Same前必须加the.
I went there on the same day.（定语）
The same can be said of the other city.（主语）
What I want to say is the same.（表语）
I want to do the same.（宾语）
（6）不定代词
不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质，并有可数与不可数的区别，不定代词的种类较多，用法各异，下面分别进行介绍。
① one, some与any的用法：
one可以泛指任何人，还可以在形容词that, this等词后代替刚才提过的可数名词，其复数形式为ones,可用作主语和宾语。One’s是它的物主代词形式，可用作定语。oneself是它的反身代词形式，可用作主语和宾语。some和any通常用作定语，都可用来修饰可数与不可数名词，单数或复数名词。some用于单数可数名词前，表示“某一”；some用于数词前，表示“大约”。some一般用于肯定句，any多用于疑问句、否定句中。例如：
One should wash oneself regularly.
This film is not as good as the one I saw yesterday.
I have some books.
Have you any books?
I don’t have any books.
注意：
(a) some可用于表示邀请或请求的问句中，预期的答案是肯定的，或鼓励对方给予一个肯定的答复。例如：
Could you let me have some coffee?（请求）
Would you like some bananas?（邀请）
(b) Some和any可用作主语和宾语。例如：
Some are singing, others are dancing.（主语）
Does any of you know Mr Wang.（主语）
I don’t like any of the books.（宾语）
(c) some, any, every, no与one, body, thing构成的合成代词都作单数看待。另外，some的合成代词一般用于肯定句，any的合成代词一般用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句。
② each, every的用法：
(a)each强调个别，可以充当定语、主语、宾语和同位语；every强调整体，相当于汉语的“每个都”，在句中只作定语。例如：
The teacher had a talk with each of them.（定语）
Each of us has two boxes.（主语）
We have two boxes each.（同位语）
Each boy has a book.（定语）
Every one has strong and weak points.（定语）
(b)each所代表的数可以是两个以上，而every所指的数必须是三个及以上。例如：
Each of the two has won a prize.
Every student in the class likes English.
③ None和no的用法：
(a)no=not any,在句子中作定语，修饰可数或不可数名词；none在句中作主语或宾语。例如：
There is no water in the well（井）.（定语）
None of them know the story.（主语）
I know none of them.（宾语）
(b)none代替不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；代替可数名词作主语时，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数。例如：
None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties.
④ Many和much的用法：
(a)many和much都表示许多，但是many用来修饰可数名词，much修饰不可数名词。都可用作主语、宾语和定语。例如：
Many of the students often go shopping.（主语）
I have much to do.（宾语）
There is not much water in the cup.（定语）
(b)much有时用作状语。例如：He likes playing football very much.（状语）
⑤ few, little; a few, a little的用法：
few和little表示没有多少，含否定意义；而a few与a little表示有一些，有几个，含肯定意义。另外，few与a few修饰可数名词，little, a little修饰不可数名词。它们在句中常用作定语、主语和宾语。例如：
He knows a little English.（定语）
Few of them could speak English.（主语）
I know a little about Japanese.（宾语）
⑥ other和another的用法：
(a)other泛指“另外的”，作定语，常与复数名词或不可数名词连用。但如果前面有the, this, that, some, any, each, every, no, none, one, or以及形容词性物主代词时，则可与单数名词连用。例如：
other boys, all other beauty, no other way, the other one, any other plant, every other day, some other reason等。
(b)others是other的复数形式，泛指“别的人和物”（但不是全部）。例如：
Some are carrying water, others are watering the trees.
(c)the other指“两者中的另一个”，常与one连用，作定语修饰复数名词时，表示另一方中的“全部其余的”。例如：
He held a book in one hand and his notes in the other.
(d)the others是the other的复杂数形式，特指“全部其余的人或物”。例如：
I have got ten pencils. Two of them are red, the others are blue.
(e)another指三个或三个以上中的“任何一个”， “再一……”，“另一个”，作代词或形容词，例如：
I have finished this novel, please give me another.
(f)one…the other指两个人或物构成的一组中的个体；one…another指三个以上的人或物构成的同一组内的两个个体。例如：
Here are two books. One is for Mary, the other is for Jack.
One person may like so spend his holiday at the seashore. While another may prefer the mountains.
⑦ all和both的用法：
这两个词都表示整体，但both指两个人或物，而all指三个以上的人或物，在句中都可作主语、宾语、表语、同位语和定语。例如：
All of us should work hard.（主语）
We are all students.（同位语）
We both like to go.（同位语）
We like both of the books.（宾语）
That’s all for today.（表语）
All knowledge comes from practice.（定语）
注意
（a）all表示不可数名词时，其谓语动词用单数
(b) both和all加否定是部分否定。如果要表示全部否定，分别用neither和none。例如：
Both of us are not teachers.（部分否定）（我们俩不都是老师）
Neither of us is a teacher.（全部否定）（我们俩都不是老师）
All of the books are not English books.（部分否定）（这些书不都是英语书）
None of the books are English books.（全部否定）（所有的书都不是英语书）
⑧ neither和either的用法：
neither表示两者不；either表示两者中的任何一个。两个词都表示单数。在句子中作主语、宾语和定语。例如：
Neither of the answers is wrong.（主语）
Either sentence is right.（定语）
I know neither of the teachers.（宾语）
You may take either of the books.（宾语）
语法训练题：
1. —Is ______ here?
—No, Bob and Tom have asked for leave.
A. anybody B. somebody C. everybody D. nobody
1. Is ______ necessary to tell his father everything?
A. it B. that C. what D. he
2. was it during the Second Word War ______ he died?
A. that B. while C. in which D. then
3. I don’t think ______ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.
A. this B. that C. its D. it
4. Does ______ matter if he can’t finish the fob on time?
A. this B. that C. he D. it
5. It was not ______ she took off her dark glasses ______ I realized she was a famous film star.
A. when; that B. until; that C. until; when D. when; when
6. Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but ______ didn’t help.
A. he B. which C. she D. it
7. We had plenty of paper but ______ ink.
A. few B. a few C. little D. a little
8. He is a strange man. He has ______ friends.
A. a few B. little C. a little D. few
9. We’ve planted a lot of apple trees, but because there has been no rain, ______ have borne fruits.
A. some B. few C. a few D. the few
10. The cars made in Japan are much better than ______ made in U.S.
A. that B. these C. those D. it
11. China has a larger population than ______.
A. the United States B. that of the United States
C. one of the United States D. the one of the United States
12. I prefer white beer to ______.
A. the yellow one B. that yellow C. yellow one D. yellow
13. This room is mine and that is ______
A. my brother’s one B. my brother’s
C. my brother D. mine brother’s
14. —Have you found the bike you lost yesterday?
—Yes, I’ve found ______ already.
A. the one B. it C. that D. that one
15. Will you please bring us ______ beer? We’ll need ______ more.
A. any; some B. some; any C. some; some D. any; any
16. —Is there ______ wrong with the car?
—Yes, there seems to be ______ wrong with its engine.
A. anything; something B. something; anything
C. anything; anything D. anything; everything
17. —This city is completely strange to me.
—Here is a map for you. It is as good a map as ______.
A. neither B. none C. any D. every
18. —I’ll go shopping. Will you go with me?
—No. I’m busy now. Will you buy me two pounds of apples if there are ______ good?
A. some B. that C. this D. any
19. —It’ll take me about five hours to get to my granny’s by train.
—Why not get ______ to read?
A. something B. everything C. anything D. some
20. —I still remember ______ word you said that day.
A. all B. both C. each of D. every
21. —When shall we come next time?
—Come on Wednesday or Saturday. ______ OK.
A. Either days are B. Both days are C. Either day is D. Any day is
22. Those who won the game received a medal ______.
A. all B. every C. both D. each
23. There are flowers on ______ side of the school gate while on ______ sides of the street stand newly-planted trees.
A. each, both B. either, each C. both, every D. each, every
24. —Can she speak English or Russian?
—No, she can speak ______.
A. either B. none C. neither D. all
25. —Have you read through the two books he lent you last week?
—No, ______ of them is easy to read.
A. either B. none C. both D. neither
26. I have two sisters and ______ like music.
A. both they B. both of them C. both of they D. the both they
27. We had planned to invite ______ the teachers to our party but ______ came.
A. all, only a few B. both on C. all, only few D. both, a one
28. The teacher wanted to teach ______ how to play the piano, but she couldn’t.
A. all us B. all we C. both us D. us all
29. I’ve put ______ the books I can find on the table. You can take as ______ as you like.
A. some, many B. all, much C. all, many D. some, much
六．单元测试
I. 单项选择 15%
1. Karl Marx first developed _______ political theory（理论）known as ________ communism.
A. a; a B. the ; the C. the ;× D. a ; ×
2. -I’m trying to use this machine, but it won’t start.
-Let me show you how to start it. See, all you have to do is _______ this button.
A. to press B. press C. to turn D. turn
3. Get the car thoroughly checked; I want to be _______ worry on the trip.
A. clear of B. free of C. clear from D. free from
4. Don’t talk with your mouth full! Where are your _________?
A. politeness B. manners C. foods D. dishes
5. -What is that building?
-_______ the students have their dance classes.
A. The building that B. There are
C. That’s the building which D. That’s where
6. -Are you going to watch TV now?
-_______.
A. I would if I had the time B. I’m sorry. There is no answer
C. All right. Thank you D. Yes. I agree with you
7. They decided to drive the cattle away ________ they did more damage.
A. until B. unless C. before D. although
8. In some countries, _________ are called “public schools” are not owned by the state.
A. that B. which C. as D. what
9. Those boys were caught _______ flowers in the garden again.
A. to steal B. stealing C. having stolen D. to have stolen
10. The car’s gone ________ the road. It hit a post at the side ________ the road.
A. off ; of B. off; on C. out of ; of D. out of ;on
11. -I would like everyone to hand in their homework tomorrow.
-Are you going to _________ it or is this just for practice?
A. level B. grade C. judge D. divide
12. ______ you should have no trouble with the difficult work.
A. Knowing this B. If you’re knowing this
C. From knowing this D. If you had known this
13. - I thought I asked you to fix the radio.
- Oh, I’m sorry, ma’am. I _______ it right away.
A. am to do B. will do C. was about to do D. am going to do
14. At six o’clock in the evening, when a cat ran through a truck it narrowly escaped _______ over.
A. running B. to be run C. from running D. being run
15. Neither side was willing to give in at all and so no agreement _______.
A . reached B. had reached C. was reached D. will be reached
II. 完形填空 20%
“Stop that man!” Vernon shouted. “He has a bomb（炸弹）!” Everywhere, passengers were
1 their feet and screaming. Guerrero stopped with his 2 to the toilets. “ 3 away from me!” he shouted.
“Guerrero, listen to me!” Vernon 4 him over the heads of the others. There was a silence as Guerrero 5 back at him.
“We know who you are,” Vernon went on. “And we know 6 you’re trying to do. We know all about the insurance(保险)and the bomb. That 7 that the insurance is no 8 .Do you understand? It’s worth nothing. If you die you’ll die for nothing and your family will get nothing. 9 than that, they’ll be blamed and made to 10 . Think of that, Guerrero.”
Guerrero hesitated（犹豫）.Vernon kept talking and hoped that Guerrero would 11 him.
“…”
A man came out of one of the 12 behind Guerrero. At the 13 of the door opening, he 14 .
“Get the guy with the case! He’s got a bomb!” somebody shouted.
Guerrero 15 past the man and ran into the toilet. He had not really understood 16 that had happened in the last few minutes, but he understood that, 17 so many things in his life, his great plan had 18 . His life had been a failure, and now his 19 would be a failure be a failure too.
As he pulled the string(导火索), he wondered 20 whether the bomb would be another failure. In the last second of his life he learned that it was not.
1 . A. running over B. jumping over C. running to D. jumping to
2. A. back B. body C. side D. face
3. A. Walk B. Take C. Stay D. Put
4. A. cried out B. called to C. shouted at D. spoke against
5. A. stared B. fought C. talked D. hit
6. A. that B. what C. how D. when
7. A. tells B. explains C. means D. expresses
8. A. harm B. good C. value D. profit
9. A. sooner B. Better C. Rather D. Worse
10. A. suffer B. worry C. argue D. fight
11. A. hear B. listen to C. see D. look at
12. A. toilets B. kitchens C. seats D. passages
13. A. movement B. sight C. sign D. sound
14. A. hid B. fell C. turned D. rolled
15. A. pushed B. walked C. rushed D. hurried
16. A. everything B. anything C. nothing D. something
17. A. unless B. after C. like D. as
18. A. lost B. broken C. failed D. removed
19. A. power B. life C. plan D. death
20. A. proudly B. bitterly C. excitedly D. curiously
III. 阅读理解 20%
A
The professor’s house, big and untidy, stood alone at one end of a huge garden. The place was totally uncared for, quite wild and overgrown with all sorts of useless things. I fought my way through bushes and tall weeds to the front door and rang the bell.
I was glad that I had found him, In twenty minutes he put me right on all the points that had puzzled me. As I got ready to leave, I looked out of his study window and said, “You’re very fond of gardening, I see.”
“No, I’m not,” he said. “But even so, I love this garden. It’s as I always wanted it to be. I never touch it at all.”
“It could be made lovely. It seems a pity to let all this ground to go to waste. But perhaps you don’t see it that way?”
“I don’t. I lived here when I was c child, and I had more than enough of gardening then. It was my father’s hobby, you see. Unfortunately, he wasn’t fit enough to do it himself. My brother and I did all of it between us-with a spade（铁锨）and a fork-year after year. There was one right way and many wrong ways. Each blade（flat, long leaf）of life was an enemy to be rooted out by hand, not just cut off. I’ve spent a good part of life at work here.”
“I see. You took a dislike to it, and now you’re getting even!”
“I disliked it. That’s putting it mildly (describe something less strongly). Then, of course, I didn’t understand the effect it had. It used to worry me. It appeared in my dreams a mistake here, something not quite straight there, the enemy showing its head in a place I was supposed to have cleaned. The work was too much. It seemed endless. The size of the place was itself a fight to a boy.”
“And now it’s yours, you’re just letting it go to …”.
“Ruin?” he said. “No, I don’t agree with that. This garden and I are now the best friends. I like watching it grow in its own way. I make no demands on it. I never interfere with(干扰)it, and it never interferes with me. It has freedom at last, and so have I.”
“But the path is overgrown. It’s inconvenient for you, isn’t it?”
“That’s part of my pleasure,” he laughed. “You can go out the back way. The weeds are shorter there because they don’t get the sun.”
1. How did Barrow feel about gardening when he was a child?
A. He liked his father’s wild, overgrown garden.
B. He was glad to be able to help his sick father.
C. He was beginning to dislike it.
D. He just hated it.
2.Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. Barrow never worked in the garden at all now.
B. The writer thought of the path as part of his pleasure.
C. Barrow and his brother had to take root in the garden.
D. The writer and the professor talked about gardening for twenty minutes.
3. At night young Barrow used to dream that______.
A. he let the garden grow in its own way
B. the garden was growing larger and it was too big for him
C. he had done some work in one of the many wrong ways.
D. enemies appeared suddenly in the garden and cut off their grass
4. In what way did the garden have “freedom at last”?
A. There was no gardener to control how it grew.
B. The chief way was through friendship with Barrow.
C. Barrow was free to do what he liked with the garden.
D. Only the front garden-where the sun shone-was free.
5. Why did the writer go to see the professor?
A. To ask for advice on gardening.
B. To seek solution to some problems.
C. To talk about the professor’s childhood.
D. To find what a natural garden looked like.
B
If the salinity of ocean waters is examined, it is found to vary only slightly from place to place. Nevertheless, some of these small changes are important. There are three basic processes of changes that cause a change in oceanic salinity. One of these is the subtraction(减少) of water from the ocean by means of evaporation（蒸发）-change from liquid water to water vapor (like gas). In this manner, the salinity is increased, since the salts stay behind. If this is carried to the extreme, of course, white crystals（晶体）of salt would be left behind; this, by the way, is how much of the table salt we can get and use.
The opposite of evaporation is precipitation, such as rain, by which water is added to the ocean. Here the ocean is being diluted （稀释）so that the salinity is decreased. This may occur in areas of high rainfall or in coastal areas where rivers flow into the ocean. Thus salinity may be increased by the subtraction of water by evaporation or decreased by the addition of fresh water by precipitation or runoff.
Normally, in tropical regions where the sun is very strong the ocean salinity is somewhat higher that it is in other parts of the world where there is not as much evaporation. Similarly, in coastal regions where rivers dilute the sea, salinity is somewhat lower than in other oceanic areas.
A third process by which salinity may vary is connected with the formation and melting（融化）of sea ice. When seawater is frozen, some materials are left behind. In this manner, seawater directly beneath freshly formed sea ice has a higher salinity than it did before the ice appeared. Of course, when this ice melts, it will tend to decrease salinity of the surrounding water.
In the Weddell Sea, off Antarctica, the densest water in the oceans is formed as a result of this freezing process, which increases the salinity of cold water. This heavy water sinks and is found in the deeper part of the oceans of the world.
6. According to the passage, the ocean generally has more salt in ______.
A. coastal areas B. tropical areas C. rainy areas D. cold areas
7. All of the following are processes that decrease salinity except ______.
A. evaporation B. precipitation C. runoff D. melting
8. About the salinity of a body of water, we can infer from the passage that _______.
A. ocean salinity has little effect on sea life
B. the temperature is the most important factor
C. how quickly the water moves is directly related to the amount of salt
D. various factors （因素）combined to cause variation in the salt content of water
9. Which of the following is a result of the formation of ocean ice?
A. The salt in the water decreases.
B. The water becomes less dense.
C. The water beneath forms a deeper layer in the ocean.
D. The surrounding water sinks to the bottom of the ocean.
10. What does the word “salinity” mean in the passage? It means “_______”.
A. the composition of salt waters B. the bodies of water of the world
C. the various changes in water D. the degree of being salt
IV. 改错 10%
Dear Ralph,
I’m a senior student. I have be in love with a boy 1.
for three years.
But he is a shy boy, so I wrote him a letter firstly 2.
to express my feeling. And he wrote back. In his letter 3.
he said, “We are students. Our task is study. Let us wait 4.
to see until we have any chance after graduation.” So 5.
after graduation I telephoned to him, asking him about 6.
go out . But he said he didn’t want to. He just 7.
wanted to sleep and watched TV. 8.
What do you think I should do? Do you think 9.
I should continue to love him and give up? 10._______
Sheila
V. 书面表达 15%
假设你读过一本史密期教授写的关于温室效应的书，仍有些问题需询问，想约他做一次电话访谈。请用英语写一封100字左右的信，信内包括以下内容：
| 本人情况简介 | 姓名：李明，北京第一中学的高二学生 |
| 约访谈的缘由 | 现承担英语科课题：温室效应： 口头汇报时间：五月八日 |
| 对访谈的要求 | 持续时间：15分钟； 日期：教授方便时 |
| 对回信的要求 | 希望对方回信的时间：口头汇报前一周 |
| 联系办法 | 你的邮件地址： |
提示词：project课题 greenhouse effect 温室效应
Dear Mr. Smith,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thank you for your prompt reply.
Yours truly,
Li Ming
七. 课后答案及讲解
Lesson 61
3 Note making
Reason for taking a part-time job:
You don’t have to ask your parents for money.
You can buy whatever you want.
It is good preparation for the world.
You learn the value of money.
You learn to work with others.
You will get some work experience.
You have a greater chance of finding a suitable job.
Lesson 63
2 Grammar practice
被动语态
参考答案如下：
1. My whole family has/have been invited (by her) to supper in Saturday.
2. The fried chicken was eaten up by them before it got cold.
3. Neither of the children was told about the accident. (Were is acceptable in conversation)
4. A company is being set up to develop tourism in this area.
5. People should be warned about the dangers of walking in the bush.
6. Our basketball team was/were beaten by 76-37.
7. The US navy is expected to arrive in New York tomorrow.
8. Hotel prices in San Francisco will be cut by 10% next month.
Lesson 64
2 Speaking
参考答案如下：
I’m sorry I forgot to ring you. /to have said that.
I apologize for being so rude.
Please excuse me for being so rude.
I’m afraid I’ve kept you too long.
I shouldn’t have taken your bicycle.
I ought to have brought enough money.
What a shame! I can’t join you.
3 Writing
Dear Kate,
Thank you for your letter. I’m so sorry about last weekend. Let me explain what happened.
We were on our way to the station and were crossing the road when my mother was knocked down by a taxi. She was badly hurt so we took her to hospital. I waited at the hospital and tried to phone my father. (He was out so I kept trying and finally managed to tell him the news.) We spent the rest of the weekend at the hospital. I didn’t have Janice’s telephone number, so I couldn’t ring her. I should have rung your parents and left a message, but I didn’t think of it. I’m very sorry. I apologize for causing you so much worry. (Fortunately, my mother is a little better now.)
Love/Best wishes/Yours,
( Name )
附 1:讲解部分答案
语法部分
基础训练题
1~5 ABCAC 6~10 BABDC 11~15 BAABD 16~20 DCBDC
探究性学习部分
高考语法训练题
1-10CAADD BDCDB 11-20CADBB CACDA 21-30DCDAC DBADC
附2: 单元测试答案
I. 1.C 2.B 3.D 4.B 5.D 6.A 7.C 8.D 9.B 10.A 11.B 12.A 13.B 14.D 15.C
II.1-20 D ACBA BCBDA BADCA ACCDB
III.1-10 DACAB BADCD
IV. Dear Ralph,
I’m a senior student. I have be in love with a boy 1. been
for three years.
But he is a shy boy, so I wrote him a letter firstly 2. first
to express my feeling. And he wrote back. In his letter 3. feelings
he said , “We are students. Our task is ^ study. Let us wait 4. to
to see until we have any chance after graduation.” So 5. if / whether
after graduation I telephoned to him, asking him about
6. to
go out. But he said he didn’t want to. He just 7. going
wanted to sleep and watched TV. 8. watch
What do you think I should do? Do you think 9. √
I should continue to love him and give up? 10. or
Sheila
V.
One Possible Version
Dear Mr. Smith,
I’m writing to request a phone interview with you for a school project I am doing on the subject of greenhouse effect.
I am a Senior Two student at Beijing No. 1 High School, and I am preparing my oral report on the greenhouse effect for my English class. I have read your book and would be very interested in hearing your answers to some questions I have about the topic.
The interview will take about fifteen minutes of your time, and could take place whenever it is convenient for you. My project is due on May 8, so I would appreciate an answer by May 1. You can reach me at my e-mail address: Liming @ here.com
Thank you for your prompt reply.
Yours truly,
Li Ming
内容要点：
1．写信的目的
2．本人的身份介绍
3．约电话访谈的缘由
4．约史密斯教授的缘由
5．访谈的日期和需要花费的时间
6．对回信的要求
7．联系办法