名词
训练指要
高考试题中，名词常结合其他项目一起考查，涉及面极广（近年来也出现了直接以名词为考查对象的单项选择题）。考查要点有：词语辨析；名词的数（可数与不可数、单数与复数）与限定；名词作定语；名词的修饰与搭配等。此外，高考试题中还曾在阅读理解中出现过测试常用名词在文中的准确理解的试题。
1．（2003北京春季高考题）The manager has got a good business ________ so the company is doing well.
A. idea B. sense
C. thought D. thinking
2．（2003上海春季高考题）The collapse of the World Trade Centre has put US economy in a difficult ________ .
A. occasion B. case
C. situation D. background
3．（2003上海春季高考题）More and more people choose to shop in a supermarket as it offers a great ________ of goods.
A. variety B. mixture
C. extension D. combination
4．It won’t make much ________ whether you agree or not.
A. difficulty B. trouble
C. difference D. matter
5．If by chance someone comes to see me, ask him to leave a ________.
A. message B. letter
C. sentence D. notice
6．No one has yet succeeded in explaining the ________ of how life began.
A. cause B. problem
C. reason D. puzzle
7．You must get there within an hour. There should be no ________ in sending this information to him.
A. question B. problem
C. quarrel D. delay
8．I can’t give you the card without Smith’s ________.
A. agreement B. allowing
C. permission D. perfomance
9．What impressed me most was that they never lost ________.
A. hearts B. heart
C. their heart D. their hearts
10．—Where is the new dictionary?
—It’s on the top shelf, out of ________.
A. reach B. sight
C. touch D. order
11．Though I spoke to him many times, he never took any ________ of what I said.
A. remark B. observation
C. attention D. notice
12．—Where’s your sister?
—At ________.
A. the Smith’s B. doctor’s
C. Mr. Green’s D. house of Mr. Green
13．Have a ________ of these apples. They are sweet and delicious.
A. look B. taste
C. smell D. appear
14．Each man explained the pains that he had felt and they agreed that they had grown worse on their ________ .
A. road B. street
C. way D. direction
15．Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas, wind and other forms of ________.
A. energy B. source
C. power D. material
16．I went to buy a ________ of China Daily.
A. piece B. sheet
C. lot D. copy
17．Shelly had prepared carefully for her English examination so that she could be sure of passing it on her first ________.
A. intention B. purpose
C. attempt D. desire
18．This is not a match. We’re playing chess just for ________.
A. habit B. hobby
C. fun D. game
19．There are usually at least two ________ of looking at every question.
A. means B. directions
C. views D. ways
20．We have worked out the plan and now we must put it into ________.
A. fact B. reality
C. practice D. deed
21．She is young for the job, but on the other ________, she is well trained.
A. way B. situation
C. chance D. hand
22．We’ve missed the last bus. I’m afraid we have no ________ but to take a taxi.
A. selection B. choice
C. possibility D. way
23．The football players had no strict ________ until they joined our club.
A. practice B. education
C. exercise D. training
24．I’ll look into the matter as soon as possible. Just have a little ________.
A. wait B. time
C. patience D. rest
25．The most important ________ of his speech was that we should all work whole-heartedly for the people.
A. point B. sense
C. spot D. view
26．—I’d like ________ information about the management of your hotel, please.
—Well, you could have ________ word with the manager. He might be helpful.
A. some; a B. an; some
C. some; some D. an; a
27．He told me he had been offered a very well-paid ________.
A. business B. service
C. work D. position
28．Each player must obey ________, who is the leader of the team.
A. captain B. a captain
C. the captain D. captains
29．It was ________ that he had to ask for help.
A. such big a work B. a so big job
C. a so big work D. such a big job
30．He dropped the ________ and broke it.
A. cup of coffee B. coffee’s cup
C. cup for coffee D. coffee cup
31．He gained his ________ by printing ________ of famous writers.
A. wealth; work B. wealths; works
C. wealths; work D. wealth; works
32．The policeman is offering a ________ to anyone who can give information about the lost children.
A. prize B. reward
C. price D. money
33．What ________! Where did you get them?
A. big fish B. a big fish
C. a piece of big fish D. big a fish
34．Here’s my card. Let’s keep in ________.
A. touch B. relation
C. connection D. friendship
35．He left ________ with my secretary that he would call again in the afternoon. He said he would keep ________.
A. words; his words B. word; his word
C. word; word D. the word; his words
36．You’ll find this map of great ________ in helping you to get round London.
A. price B. cost
C. value D. usefulness
37．Father went to his doctor for ________ about his ________ trouble.
A. advice; heart B. advices; hearts
C. advices; heart D. advice; hearts
38．We held a party in ________ of our Australian teacher, Meggi.
A. prize B. honor
C. praise D. pride
39．—How can I use this washing machine?
—Well, just refer to the ________.
A. directions B. explanations
C. expressions D. introductions
40．When I give up work I shall take a long sea ________.
A. trip B. voyage
C. travel D. journey
41．The new law will come into ________ on the day it is passed.
A. effect B. use
C. service D. existence
42．Although I like the appearance of the house, what really made me decide to buy it was the beautiful ________ through the window.
A. scene B. look
C. view D. picture
43．Everybody thinks little of the film. In fact, there is no ________ of it being tried out in the film festival.
A. possibility B. sign
C. use D. doubt
44．—Tom, will you boys play soldiers outside? There’s not enough ________ for you boys here.
—But we can play in the next ________, can’t we?
A. places; place B. room; room
C. rooms; space D. house; rooms
45．The doctor didn’t tell me how many ________ I should pay for having my tooth pulled out.
A. money B. dollars
C. price D. cost
46．—Is this bridge made of ________ ?
—Yes, it is made of 2300 huge ________.
A. stone; stone B. stones; stones
C. stone; stones D. stones; stone
47．He stays at home every day without a job, but he gets good ________.
A. salary B. wage
C. pay D. income
48．—Mum, I’m going to visit my aunt. What about a week?
—A week is too long. Try to be back in a ________ of days.
A. number B. dozen
C. few D. couple
49．As a writer, he succeeded in calling ________ to many of the terrible wrongs that existed at that time.
A. attention B. interest
C. notice D. strength
50．If you don’t take away all your things from the desk, there won’t be enough ________ for my dictionary.
A. area B. place
C. space D. surface
51．Mrs. Green tried hard to find a job but she had no ________.
A. luck B. time
C. hope D. chance
52．His daughter is always shy in ________ and she never dares to make a speech to ________.
A. the public; the public B. public; the public
C. the public; public D. public; public
53．I should like to try that coat on, for I don’t know if it is my ________.
A. shape B. model
C. design D. size
54．The need for an operation, especially an immediate operation, almost always comes as a ________ to the patient and his family.
A. surprise B. happiness
C. disappointment D. shock
55．Fast-food restaurants are ________ to us all.
A. of many helps B. of great help
C. great helps D. much help
56．It is true that parents often find it difficult to win their children’s ________.
A. honour B. trust
C. respect D. money
57．These young people are now making an active ________ to beautify（美化）our city.
A. part B. effort
C. decision D. plan
58．This plan has its weak point, that is to say, it has its ________, but on the whole we are satisfied with it.
A. question B. shortcoming
C. condition D. progress
59．—What you like may not be what I like.
—Yes, one man’s meal is another man’s ________.
A. poison B. medicine
C. meal D. food
60．He said that two ________ would come to our school the next day.
A. woman scientist B. women scientist
C. woman scientists D. women scientists
参考答案
1~5 BCACA 6~10 ADCBA
11~15 DCBCA 16~20 DCCDC
21~25 DBDCA 26~30 ADCDD
31~35 DBAAB 36~40 CABAC
41~45 ACABB 46~50 CDDAC
51~55 ABDDB 56~60 CBBAD
【解析】
1．a good business sense 是“有经济头脑”的意思。
2．全句意为“世贸中心的倒塌使美国经济处于困难的境地”。
3．variety在这里指可供选择的商品“种类/品种”之多。
4．全句意为“你同不同意没有什么区别”。
9．lost heart是固定短语，不能加冠词，也不能有复数。
11．take…notice of是“注意”的意思。
13．根据下文可知空格处应是“尝一尝”的意思。
23．training在这里表示“训练”之意。
25．point在这里是“要点”之意。
27．position在这里是“职业、工作”的意思。
28．此题源自1998年“短文改错”第84小题。根据句意，此处captain是单数表特指，故应加定冠词。
35．leave word（with）意为“留言；留下口信”；keep one’s word意为“遵守诺言”。
39．directions在这里是“使用说明”的意思。
41．come into effect意为“开始生效”。
46．第一个stone是物质名词，不可数；第二个stone表示一块块具体的“石头”，属可数名词。
49．call attention to意为“促使某人注意……”。
52．in public意为“在公共场合”；the public意为“公众”。
57．make an active effort to do sth. 意为“积极努力做某事”。
58．shortcoming是“缺点”的意思。