动词（五）虚拟语气
训练指要
1．虚拟语气是英语的一种特殊的动词形式。它所表达的意义丰富多彩，在句中可表示某种假设、愿望、建议、要求、请求、命令、猜测、可能性或空想，或表示惊讶、喜悦、遗憾、惋惜等感情色彩。
2．通过本训练要求学生掌握虚拟语气的基本概念和意义，虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法及虚拟语气在其他从句或语境中的运用。
3．虽然新教材对虚拟语气没做要求，但听力、完形填空和阅读理解中经常会碰到，给理解造成障碍。
1．（2003上海春季高考题）Look at the trouble I am in! If only I ________ your advice.
A. followed B. would follow
C. had followed D. should follow
2．（2002上海高考题）It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ________ in love，at the age of seven，with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.
A. wouldn’t have fallen B. had not fallen
C. should fall D. were to fall
3．She insisted that she ________ ill of him behind him，but he didn’t believe it.
A. hadn’t spoken B. shouldn’t speak
C. wouldn’t speak D. not speak
4．If my lawyer ________ here last Saturday，he ________ me from going.
A. had been; would have prevented
B. had been; would prevent
C. were; would prevent
D. were; would have prevented
5．It is high time the child ________ to the hospital.
A. is sent B. would be sent
C. be sent D. were sent
6．She couldn’t have answered the question if she ________ a few books on world history.
A. hadn’t read B. hasn’t read
C. wouldn’t read D. didn’t read
7．If it ________ so hard，we’d go to town.
A. isn’t raining B. weren’t raining
C. doesn’t rain D. has rain
8．I ________ you a more valuable present for your birthday，but I was short of money at that time.
A. would buy B. had bought
C. would have bought D. must have bought
9．I went to the meeting yesterday because I ________ nothing about the discussion without attending it.
A. didn’t know B. would know
C. knew D. would have known
10．It’s strange that he ________ without saying good-bye to us.
A. should have gone out B. went
C. should go out D. goes out
11．Nothing could have saved him even if he ________ without delay.
A. would be tended B. was tended
C. has been tended D. had been tended
12．My suggestion was that the meeting ________ off till next week.
A. to put B. be put
C. should put D. would be put
13．Had you listened to the doctor，you ________ all right now.
A. are B. were
C. would be D. would have been
14．I’d rather you ________ know the secret.
A. didn’t B. hadn’t
C. not D. not to
15．Without your help，we ________ this task.
A. don’t finish B. will not finish
C. didn’t finish D. would not have finished
16．Mr. Fang spoke slowly in order that we ________ him.
A. should follow B. follow
C. might follow D. followed
17．Isn’t it about time that you ________ to pick up the visitors from New York?
A. went B. should go
C. go D. will go
18．—It was the drug，not the disease，that killed the boy.
—He would be still alive today if he ________ that drug.
A. not take B. shouldn’t have taken
C. didn’t take D. hadn’t taken
19．Our former math teacher died of cancer last term，otherwise he ________.
A. will still work B. should still work
C. would still have worked D. would still be working
20．The soldier died in the hospital. He ________ if the doctor ________ on him two hours earlier.
A. might be saved; operated
B. could be saved; had operated
C. could have been saved; had operated
D. had been saved; was operated
21．It’s time that you ________ home and I’d rather you ________ again tomorrow.
A. are going; will come B. go; are coming
C. went; came D. would go; would come
22．The young man insisted that he ________ nothing wrong and ________ free.
A. did; set B. had done; should be set
C. do; be set D. had done; must be set
23．It was required that each student ________ enough food for the picnic.
A. bring B. brought C. would bring D. had brought
24．He didn’t come yesterday，or you ________ him.
A. would see B. were to see
C. might have seen D. had seen
25．It was suggested yesterday that a meeting ________ to discuss the matter.
A. will be held B. would be held
C. should hold D. be held
26．But for the leadership of our Party and Government，we ________ these splendid results.
A. have achieved B. shouldn’t have achieved
C. should have achieved D. would achieve
27．He ________ you more help，even though he was very busy.
A. might have given B. might give
C. may have given D. may give
28．If it ________ for the snow，we ________ the mountain yesterday.
A. were not; could have climbed
B. were not; could climb
C. had not been; could have climbed
D. had not been; could climb
29．I told Sally how to get here，but perhaps I ________ for her.
A. had to write it out B. must have written it out
C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out
30．—I stayed at a hotel while in New York.
—Oh，did you? You ________ with Barbara.
A. could have stayed B. could stay
C. would stay D. must have stayed
31．I should have rung your parents or left a message for you, but I ________.
A. haven’t B. don’t
C. didn’t D. hadn’t
32．There was plenty of time. She ________.
A. mustn’t have hurried B. needn’t have hurried
C. must not hurry D. couldn’t have hurried
33．I wish I ________ you yesterday.
A. saw B. did see
C. had seen D. were to see
34．—Have you ever been to HongKong?
—No，but I wish I ________.
A. have B. will
C. do D. had
35．What would we do if it ________ tomorrow?
A. should snow B. would snow
C. snow D. will snow
36．—If he ________, he ________ that food.
—Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.
A. was warned; would not take
B. had been warned; would not have taken
C. would be warned; had not taken
D. would have been warned; had not taken
37．If he ________ me his telephone number yesterday，I ________ able to ring him up now.
A. told; would be B. had told; would be
C. had told; would have been D. told; am
38．He ________ the test，but he wasn’t careful enough.
A. could have passed B. were able to pass
C. must have passed D. might be able to pass
39．If there were no subjunctive mood, English ________ much easier.
A. will be B. would have been
C. could have been D. would be
40．If she had worked harder，she ________.
A. would succeed B. had succeeded
C. should succeed D. would have succeeded
41．If I ________ you，I ________ to Australia with Mr. Smith.
A. had been; would go B. were; had gone
C. were; would have gone D. am; will go
42．Without electricity human life ________ quite different today.
A. is B. will be
C. would have been D. would be
43．Our monitor was absent. Otherwise I ________ the chair.
A. would not take B. didn’t take
C. hadn’t taken D. wouldn’t have taken
44．—The experiment has failed!
—I suggest that you ________ again.
A. try B. trying
C. will try D. would try
45．His silence at the meeting suggested that he ________ to your plan.
A. didn’t agree B. hadn’t agreed
C. wouldn’t agree D. not agree
46．When a pencil is partly in a glass of water，it looks as if it ________.
A. breaks B. has broken
C. were broken D. had been broken
47．You didn’t let me drive. If we ________ in turn，you ________ so tired.
A. drove; didn’t get
B. drove; wouldn’t get
C. were driving; wouldn’t get
D. had driven; wouldn’t have got
48．The manager was angry and ordered that this work ________ tomorrow.
A. be finished B. finish
C. was finished D. would finish
49．He is talking so much about Britain as if he ________ there.
A. had been B. has been
C. was D. had gone
50．The father insisted his daughter ________ a rich man.
A. would be engaged to B. be engaged to
C. should engaged to D. must be engaged to
51．It is requested that Li Ming ________ at the class meeting on behalf of us.
A. will speak B. speaks
C. would speak D. speak
52．—I didn’t catch the first train this morning.
—You ________ the first train if you ________ earlier.
A. would catch; had got up
B. could catch; should get up
C. would have caught; had got up
C. would catch; got up
53．I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she ________, she would have met my brother.
A. has come B. did come
C. came D. had come
54．You ________ earlier. The bus left a moment ago.
A. would come B. should have come
C. must come D. could have come
55．She made a suggestion that the plan ________ carefully.
A. be considered B. was considered
C. should consider D. would be considered
参考答案
1～5 CBAAD 6～10 ABCDC
11～15 DBCAD 16～20 CADDC
21～25 CBACD 26～30 BACCA
31～35 CBCDA 36～40 BBADD
41～45 CDDAA 46～50 CDAAB
51～55 DCDBA
【解析】
1．if only意为“要是……就好了”，后接虚拟语气。本句根据时间判断应是与过去情况不相符合的虚拟语气。
2．本句是与过去情况不相符合的虚拟语气。
3．本句中的insist是“坚持说；坚决认为”之意，不接虚拟语气。
5．It is time/ high time/ about time后接从句时一般要使用虚拟语气（一般用过去时表达）。
7．这是与目前状况不相符合的虚拟语气。
10．当strange，important，necessary，remarkable等词作表语时，其主语从句用should加原形动词构成的虚拟语气。
12．当中心名词为suggestion，advice，order，request等词时，与其共用的同位语从句或表语从句都要使用虚拟语气（should加动词原形构成）。
13．这是中学阶段不太常见的一种虚拟语气，由于从句和主句时间上不一致，故又叫错综条件句。本句从句是过去时，主句是现在时。
14．would rather后的从句一般用过去时表达虚拟语气。
16．in order that和so that后接的从句一般用may或can加原形动词构成（过去时用might或could）。
22．此处的insist在与第一空连用时意为“坚持说；坚决认为”，不接虚拟语气；与第二空连用时意为“坚持要（做）”，后接虚拟语气。
23．受require的影响，本句使用should加原形动词构成虚拟语气（should可以省略）。
35．本句是与将来情况可能相反的虚拟语气，should表示“万一”之意。
46．as if和as though后接的从句也常用过去时表示虚拟语气。
48．受order的影响，本句使用should加原形动词构成虚拟语气（should可以省略）。
55．受名词suggestion的影响，其后所跟的同位语从句要使用虚拟语气（由should加原形动词构成或省略should直接用原形动词），本句还要注意使用被动语态。