2005高考全国卷Ⅰ单项填空题解析
2005年高考全国卷I的单项填空有较高水准。它在考查考生对英语语法、词汇知识和较简单表达方式的掌握情况时,通过设置情景,将知识的考查与语言意义的考查有机结合,实现了知识与能力综合测试的目标。它强调了对基础知识和基本技能的考查,偏、难、怪题几乎没有,且覆盖面广,主要的词法和句法基本都有涉及。单项填空15个小题涉及了交际用语(21、31)、时态语态(28、33、34)、情态动词(26)、非谓语动词(32)、连词(27)、代词(25)、介词(22)、副词(29)、it用法(35)、强调结构(30)、定语从句(24)、宾语从句(23)等。题目不偏不怪,不在形式上故意设置障碍,而是注重语言内在的逻辑联系,要求考生在上下文语境推理中得出答案。与往年不同的是,令考生颇感头疼的动词(短语)词义辨析和冠词题在今年的单项填空中没有出现,这也许给我们一个信号,说明高考题在逐渐走向大众化。
下面对该大题的各个小题作一简要分析(保留原试题序号)。
21. —Can I speak to Mr. Wang, please ?
— _______
A. Who are you ? B. I’m Wang .
C. Speaking. D. Are you John ?
[解析] 本题考查打电话时的交际用语。注意英语与汉语在打电话时表达习惯的不同:汉语打电话时说“我是……”,英语中不用 “I am…”,而用“This is …speaking.”或其他省略形式,如“Speaking.” “This is ….” “John speaking.” “John’s here.”等。如果要问对方是谁,英语中不用“Who are you?”,而用“Who is calling/speaking, please?” “Who’s that speaking/calling?” “Who is it?” “Is that…?”等表达形式。根据本题打电话的情景可知,答案为C。
22. No one helped me. I did it all _________myself.
A. for B. by
C. from D. to
[解析] 本题考查介词的搭配。根据前后两句的语境,“没有人帮助我,我是完全靠自己做的。”by oneself意思是“单独地,独自地,独立地”,如:carry out the task by oneself独立地完成一项任务;become a millionaire by oneself通过自己的努力成为一名百万富翁。其他介词搭配与语境不符。答案为B。
23. Mary wrote an article on_______ the team had failed to win the game .
A. why B. what
C. who D. that
[解析] 本题考查宾语从句引导词的选用。选择名词性从句的引导词可采用从句中“缺什么成分补什么成分”的原则,效果非常好。就本题来看,宾语从句中不缺少主语和宾语,可排除what和who,根据语境“Mary写了一篇关于那支队伍为什么没能赢得这场比赛的文章”可知,宾语从句中缺少原因状语,如果选择that引导宾语从句,句子也能成立,但是意思只是“Mary就那支队伍没能赢得比赛写了一篇文章”,显然不如选A更符合逻辑。答案为A。
24. I have many friends, _______ some are businessmen.
A. of them B. from which
C. who of D. of whom
[解析] 本题考查“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。观察此题,可以看出句中有一个逗号,前后是两个句子,说明这是一个含有非限制性定语从句的主从复合句,排除选项A。选择“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句的介词时,应将先行词放到定语从句中,看其在定语从句中是与哪个介词搭配的。本题的定语从句部分还原为简单句应为“some of them(my friends) are businessmen.”或“of them(my friends) some are businessmen.”因此答案为D。
25. We haven’t enough books for______; some of you will have to share.
A. somebody B. anybody
C. everybody D. nobody
[解析] 本题考查代词的用法。本题的第二句话给出了语境,“你们中有些人得合用”。这说明前一句话是说“我们没有足够多的书给每一个人”。答案为C。
26. Tom, you ______ leave all your clothes on the floor like this!
A. wouldn’t B. mustn’t
C. needn’t D. may not
[解析] 本题考查情态动词的用法。从感叹号的语气来看,说话人是命令的口吻,“Tom,你不准像这样把所有的衣服都撂在地上!”mustn’t有“禁止,不准”的意思,语气非常强烈,而needn’t“没必要”,may not“或许不”,wouldn’t“不愿意”不管在语气还是在意思上都与语境不符。答案为B。
27. They wanted to charge $ 5, 000 for the car, _________we managed to bring the price down .
A. but B. so
C. when D. since
[解析] 本题考查连词的用法。根据前后两句的意思,“他们想对那辆车要价5,000美元,我们设法把价格降了下来”,说明前后两句意思发生了转折,应选连词but。答案为A。
28. —What would you do if it _______tomorrow ?
—We have to carry it on, since we’ve got everything ready .
A. rain B. rains
C. will rain D. is raining
[解析] 本题考查时态的选用。在时间、条件等状语从句中通常使用一般现在时表示将来。答案为B。
29. My parents will move back into town in a year or ______.
A. later B. after
C. so D. about
[解析] 本题考查副词词组的使用。or so是“上下,左右,大概”的意思,答案为C。
例 Fifty or so people came to the discussion. 大约有50人出席了会议。
He drank three glasses or so of beer. 他喝了大概三杯的啤酒。
30. It wasn’t until nearly a month later_______ I received the manager’s reply.
A. since B. when
C. as D. that
[解析] 本题考查强调句型。强调句型的基本形式是“It is/was…that…”,对not… until…句式的强调有固定的结构,即“It was not(wasn’t) until…that…”。本题还原为普通的not until句型为I didn’t receive the manager’s reply until nearly a month later. 答案为D。
例
①It was back home after the experiment.(2004湖北卷)
A. not until midnight did he go
B. until midnight that he didn’t go
C. not until midnight that he went
D. until midnight when he didn’t go
②It was not until 1920 ______ regular radio broadcasts began.(NMET1995)
A. while B. which
C. that D. since
key CC
31. —Oh dear ! I’ve just broken a window.
— ______. It can’t be helped.
A. Never mind B. All right
C. That’s fine D. Not at all
[解析] 本题考查交际用语。表示安慰别人时可用“That’s all right.” “Never mind.” “It doesn’t matter.” “Don’t worry about it.” “Don’t bother.” “Don’t think any more about it.”等。All right(行,好吧),That’s fine(很好)是对“建议”的答语,Not at all“别客气”“一点也不”是对“感谢”或“求助”的答语。答案为A。
32. The storm left, _______ a lot of damage to this area.
A. caused B. to have caused
C. to cause D. having caused
[解析] 本题考查非谓语动词的用法。这是一个简单句,逗号后不能使用谓语动词,有些考生会误把caused当成动词的过去式而选择A项。一般说来,逗号分开后应使用分词作状语,而不使用不定式。答案为D。
例 He sent me an E-mail, _______ to get further information.(2000上海卷)
A. hoped B. hoping
C. to hope D. hope
key B
33. The hero’s story ________ differently in the newspapers .
A. was reported B. was reporting
C. reports D. reported
[解析] 本题考查动词的语态。“故事”显然应该是在报纸上“被报道”,答案为A。
34. The coffee is wonderful! It doesn’t taste like anything I _______before .
A. was having B. have
C. have ever had D. had ever had
[解析] 本题考查动词时态。受before的影响,此题考生易误选D项。过去完成时的特点是“过去的过去”,此题没有一般过去时,构不成“过去的过去”,不能使用过去完成时。本句的意思是“这份咖啡不像我以前喝的一样”,强调到说话时为止,应使用现在完成时。答案为C。
35. The chairman thought__________ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting .
A. that B. it
C. this D. him
[解析] 本题考查it作形式宾语的用法。当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动名词或宾语从句时,往往把宾语放在它的补足语后面,而用it作形式宾语,放在宾语补足语之前。find, make, think, consider, feel等动词不能直接接不定式作宾语,需用it代替不定式作形式宾语。答案为B。
例 This has made it necessary for agriculture and industry to develop very quickly.这就使得工农业必须快速发展。
I thought it impossible to arrive there in half an hour. 我认为半小时到达那儿是不可能的。
2005高考全国卷Ⅰ完形填空题解析
完形填空题是考查考生在阅读理解的基础上对词汇在具体语境中的综合运用能力。它要求考生通读短文,掌握文章的大意,综合运用所学词汇知识,借助语法基础知识,从所给的选项中选出最佳选项,使短文结构完整、意思通顺、自然连贯。
今年全国卷I的完形填空题总体上比去年容易,大多数考生感到做起来比较顺手。短文以第一人称讲述了“我”被侦探误以为是嫌疑人而被盯梢到饭店并遭遇窥视,最后被饭店人员证实自己是无辜的而险些陷入麻烦的故事。所选材料为记叙文,结构严谨、层次分明、故事情节丰富、推理性强,这与学生学过的探案推理文章极为相仿,多数考生通过第一遍通读短文后,能够把握文章的脉络、理解文章的大意,为下一步的逐空完形做好了铺垫。
下面对今年的高考英语完形填空题逐题做一解析,使读者明白解题的思路(注:保留原试题序号)。
One afternoon I was sitting at my favorite table in a restaurant, waiting for the food I had ordered to arrive. Suddenly I 36 that a man sitting at a table near the window kept glancing in my direction, 37 he knew me. The man had a newspaper 38 in front of him, which he was 39 to read, but I could 40 that he was keeping an eye on me. When the waiter brought my 41 the man was clearly puzzled (困惑) by the 42 way in which the waiter and I 43 each other. He seemed even more puzzled as 44 went on and it became 45 that all the waiters in the restaurant knew me. Finally he got up and went into the 46 . When he came out, he paid his bill and 47 without another glance in my direction.
I called the owner of the restaurant and asked what the man had 48 . “Well,” he said, “that man was a detective (侦探). He 49 you here because he thought you were the man he 50 .” “What?” I said, showing my 51 . The owner continued, “He came into the kitchen and showed me a photo of the wanted man. I 52 say he looked very much like you! Of course, since we know you, we told him that he had made a 53 .” “Well, it’s really 54 I came to a restaurant where I’m known.” I said. “ 55 ,” I might have been in trouble.”
36. A. knew B. understood C. noticed D. recognized
37. A. since B. even if C. though D. as if
38. A. flat B. open C. cut D. fixed
39. A. hoping B. thinking C. pretending D. continuing
40. A. see B. find C. guess D. learn
41. A. menu B. bill C. paper D. food
42. A. direct B. familiar C. strange D. funny
43. A. chatted with B. looked at C. laughed at D. talked about
44. A. the waiter B. time C. I D. the dinner
45. A. true B. hopeful C. clear D. possible
46. A. restaurant B. washroom C. office D. kitchen
47. A. left B. acted C. sat down D. calmed down
48. A. wanted B. tried C. ordered D. wished
49. A. met B. caught C. followed D. discovered
50. A. was to beat B. was dealing with C. was to meet D. was looking for
51. A. care B. surprise C. worry D. regret
52. A. must B. can C. need D. may
53. A. discovery B. mistake C. decision D. fortune
54. A. a pity B. natural C. a chance D. lucky
55. A. Thus B. However C. Otherwise D. Therefore
【答案与解析】
36. C 作者正在等着上饭的时候,突然注意到(noticed)坐在靠近窗口的一个人不停地朝他这边扫视,引起了他的警觉。know意为“知道,了解,认识,认出”;understand意为“懂,了解,听说,以为”;notice意为“注意到,看到,留心”;recognize意为“认出,认可,承认”。根据句中关键词“Suddenly”可知只有noticed符合语境。
37. D 那个人不停地朝作者这边扫视,好像(as if)他认识作者。since意为“自……以后/以来,因为,既然”;even if意为“即使”;though意为“虽然,尽管”;as if意为“好像,好似”。句中的“kept glancing in my direction”是关键信息。
38. B 那个人在面前展开(open)一张报纸,装作在看报。flat意为“(使)变平”;open意为“展开, 开始, 展现”;cut意为“切,割,剪”;fixed意为“固定,注视”等。根据下文“which he was 39 to read”可知报纸是展开的。
39. C 那个人虽然展开了报纸,但是假装(pretending)在看报。他是在拿报纸作掩护,实际上是在窥视作者。hope意为“希望,盼望,期待”;think意为“认为,以为,预料”;pretend意为“假装,装扮”;continue意为“继续,连续”。从下文“but I could 40 that he was keeping an eye on me.”可知那个人并非真的在看报。
40. A 作者可以看出(see)那个人一直在窥视他。see意为“发觉,注意,看见”;find意为“发现,找到,感到”;guess意为“猜测,推测,认为”;learn意为“获悉,了解,认识到”。该题根据上文意境容易做出判断。
41. D 当服务员为我端来食物(food)时,那个人感到困惑。menu意为“菜单”;bill意为“账单,清单”;paper意为“纸,报纸,文件”;food意为“食物”。从第一段第一句中的“waiting for the food I had ordered to arrive”可知答案。
42. B 那个人对我和服务员之间闲谈(chatted with)的那种常见的或听惯的(familiar)方式感到困惑。direct意为“直接的,直率的”;familiar意为“常见的,听惯的,熟悉的”;strange意为“陌生的,奇怪的”;funny意为“有趣的,好笑的,滑稽的,古怪的”。服务员和顾客之间简短的闲谈在服务场合是司空见惯的,由此常识可做出判断。
43. A 参考第42题。chat with意为“与……聊天,与……闲谈”;look at意为“看着,考虑”;laugh at意为“嘲笑,漠视”;talk about意为“谈论,讨论,议论”。因为作者常去那家饭店,对那里的人和环境都比较熟悉,和服务员之间的闲聊是常有的事。
44. B 时间(time)一分分地过去,那个人好像感到更加困惑。as time went on表示“时间渐渐的过去”。那个人对作者和服务员之间的那种闲聊的方式越来越感到怀疑。
45. C 很明显(clear),那个饭店的服务员都认识作者。true意为“真实的,真正的,正确的”;hopeful意为“有希望的”;clear意为“明显的,清楚的,清晰的”;possible意为“可能的”。从第一段首句中的“ ……I was waiting at my favorite table in a restaurant”可知作者是这家饭店的常客,因此,这里所有的服务员都认识他是显而易见的。
46. D 最后那个人站起来走进厨房(kitchen)。从下文“He came into the kitchen…”可知答案。
47. A 那个人从厨房里出来付了账单后,没有再朝作者那边看一眼就离开(left)了饭店。leave意为“离开,动身,剩下”;act意为“行动,扮演”;sit down意为“坐下”;calm down意为“平静下来,镇定下来”。从下文可知侦探弄清作者不是他要找的人时,就离开了饭店。
48. A 我向饭店主人询问那个人想要(wanted)什么。want意为“想要,希望,需要”;try意为“试图,试,试验”;order意为“命令,吩咐”;wish意为“希望,想要”。表示“想要……”时,want后可以直接跟宾语,wish后须加介词for后才能跟宾语。
49. C 侦探原以为作者就是他在寻找(was looking for)的人,于是就跟随(follow)他来到这家饭店。meet意为“遇见,相遇,和……会面”;catch意为“捕获,赶上”;follow意为“跟随,注视,追随,注视”;discover意为“发现,发觉”。侦探发现可疑的人后,往往对其跟踪或盯梢。
50. D 参考第49题。be to beat意为“打算打(败)”;be dealing with意为“在处理,在对付”;be to meet意为“打算会见/迎接”;be looking for意为“在寻找,在期待”。
51. B 作者得知自己被误认为是嫌疑人而被盯梢时,表现出惊愕(surprise)。care意为“注意,照料,忧虑”;surprise意为“惊奇,惊愕,诧异”;worry意为“烦恼,忧虑,苦恼”;regret意为“遗憾,悔恨,抱歉”。句中的“What?”为关键信息词。
52. A 饭店主人坚持(must)说侦探要找的人和作者看起来很像。must意为“坚持要,一定要”;can意为“可能,能够”;need意为“必须,必要”;may意为“可能,也许”。侦探在饭店主人有充足的理由证明作者不是他要找的人时,才肯罢休。
53. B 饭店的人告诉侦探他搞错(mistake)了。make a discovery意为“发现”;make a mistake意为“做错,犯错(误)”;make a decision意为“做出决定”;make a fortune意为“发财,赚(大)钱”。侦探误以为作者是嫌疑人而对其进行跟踪,结果被饭店人员证明侦探搞错了。
54. D 作者到店员认识他的饭店用餐感到很幸运(lucky)。pity意为“憾事,怜悯”;natural意为“自然的”;chance意为“机会,运气”;lucky意为“幸运的,侥幸的”。
55. C 幸亏饭店的人和作者很熟,不然的话(Otherwise),作者也许就陷入了麻烦。thus意为“因而,如此,从而,这样” ;however意为“可是,仍然”;otherwise意为“否则,不然的话” ;therefore意为“因此,所以”。