高考总复习之表语宾语主语与同位语从句专练

表语从句在句子中作表语,位于主句中的连系动词之后。
　　[考例1] - Are you still thinking about yesterday's game?
　　-Oh, that's_______ . (2003北京春季)
　　A. what makes me feel excited 　　B. whatever I feel excited about
　　C. how I feel about it 　　　　　 D. when I feel excited
　　解析:本题全句意为："你还在考虑昨天的比赛吗？""哦，正是这件事使我激动不已。"关键词语"still thinking about yesterday's game"决定必然用表语从句what makes me feel excited ,表示比赛留下久久不能忘怀的印象,现在还在thinking; B项是泛泛而指,当然不行;C和D项内容与上下文问题无关。故答案为A.
[考例2]（2001上海春招）What the doctors really doubt is ______ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.
　　A. when 　　　　　B. how 　　　　　C. whether 　　　D. why
解析：本题题意为"医生真正怀疑的是我母亲是否将会从严重的疾病中恢复"。这里是表语从句，根据题意，故答案为C.
　　[考例3]Perseverance is a kind of quality ,and that's_______ it takes to do anything well.( 2002上海春季)
　　A. what 　　　　　B. that 　　　　 C. which 　　　　D. why
　　解析:本题考查表语从句中引导词的用法。What既引导表语从句又在从句中作takes的宾语,构成"It takes sth. to do sth."的句型。答案为A。
　　二、宾语从句的考查
　　宾语从句在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语.如果主句的谓语动词是及物动词make, find, see, hear等,则把宾语从句置于宾语补足语之后, 用it作形式宾语.另外,某些作表语的形容词, 如sure, happy, glad, certain等之后也可以带宾语从句。
　　[考例4]Mr. Hall understands that_______ maths has always been easy for him, it is not easy for the students. ( 2003安徽春季)
　　A. unless 　　　　B. since 　　　　C. although 　　　D. when
　　解析:该题考查连词在宾语从句中的用法. 观察题干Mr. Hall understands是主句,其后有that引导的宾语从句,可将该句简化为: _______ maths has always been easy for him, it is not easy for the students.分析简化后的句子可知, maths has always been easy for him与it is not easy for the students之间含有转折关系,其他选项不合题干逻辑。故答案为C。
[考例5](NMET2001)A computer can only do______ you have instructed it to do.
　　A. how 　　　　　B. after 　　　　　C. what 　　　　 D. when
　　解析:这是一个宾语从句,do后面缺少宾语,what 在句中既引导宾语从句，又作do的宾语．故答案为C。
　　三、主语从句的考查
　　主语从句在复合句中作主语,它可以放在主句谓语动词之前,但为平衡句子结构也可由it作形式主语,而把主语从句放在句子的末尾。
　　[考例6]_______fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.(2002上海春季)
　　A. What 　　　　 B. That 　　　　　 C. This 　　　　 D. Which
　　解析:这是含有一个主语从句的句子。因为主语从句句意完整,只缺一个引导词，所以要选that。这句话的意思是"国与国之间的时装差异可以从一个方面反映出其文化的差异"。答案为B。
　　[考例7]_______ she couldn't understand was_______ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.( 2000上海，27)
　　A. What; why 　　B. That; what 　　 C. What; because D. Why; that
　　解析:答案为A。主语从句she couldn't understand缺少宾语,要用what引导。表语从句fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons是一个完整的句子,要用why引导,意思是"为什么越来越少的学生对她的课感兴趣。"
　　四、同位语从句的考查
　　同位语从句一般跟在某些抽象名词后面, 用以说明名词所表示的具体内容。常跟同位语从句的名词主要有:fact, idea, news, promise, answer, belief, condition, doubt, fear, hope, problem, proof, question, reply, report, suggestion, thought, truth等。
[考例8（2003上海）There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _______ road conditions need________.
　　A. that; to be improved 　　　　　　B. which; to be improved
　　C. where; improving 　　　　　　　　D. when; improving
　　解析:that引导从句作problem的同位语,解释problem的具体内容.这句话的意思是"私人汽车的普及牵涉到一个新的问题，即路况需要改进"。由于problem与同位语从句被其大量的修饰成分隔开来,增加了试题的难度。答案A.
　　[巩固练习]
1. Go and get your coat. It's_______ you left it.
　　A. there 　　　　　B. where 　　　　C. there were 　　D. where there
2. _______he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.
　　A. What 　　　　　 B. That 　　　　 C. The fact 　　　D. The manner
3. _______ the sports meet will be held depends on the weather.
　　A. When ever 　　　B. If 　　　　　 C. Whether 　　　 D. That
4. The problem is_______ he has enough time.
　　A. if 　　　　　　 B. whether 　　　C./ 　　　　　　　D. that
5. The news_______ Tom won the game made us excited.
　　A. which 　　　　　B. that 　　　　 C. when 　　　　　D. what
6. He made a promise_______ he would help me.
　　A. what 　　　　　 B. when 　　　　 C. that 　　　　　D. which
7. I remember_______ this used to be a quiet village.
　　A. how 　　　　　　B. when 　　　　 C. where 　　　　 D. what
8. _______ beat Xiao Wang black and blue is not known.
　　A. Whom 　　　　　 B. Whoever 　　　C. Who 　　　　　 D. What
9. It is generally considered unwise to give a child_______ he or she wants.
　　A. however 　　　　B. whatever 　　 C. whichever 　　 D. wherever
10. _______we can't get seems better than_______ we have.
　　A. What; what 　　 B. What; that 　 C. That; that 　　D. That; what
　　答案与简析:
　　1. B.where引导表语从句,在从句中作状语,表示放东西的地点.there不能引导表语从句。
　　2. A. what引导主语从句,作said的宾语。
　　3. C.whether引导主语从句,if不能引导位于句首的主语从句,A、D不合题意。
　　4. B.whether引导表语从句,而不用if。
　　5. B.同位语从句说明news的具体内容,只用that引导,不能省略.不用which引导,that只起连接作用,不作句子成分。
　　6. C.that引导同位语从句,说明promise的具体内容。
　　7. B.when引导宾语从句,表示"那时,这是个僻静的村庄"。village已有quiet修饰,不能再用how引导从句,C、D不合题意。
　　8. C.首先排除D ,who引导主语从句并作从句的主语, whom不能作主语,whoever则表示"无论谁",与句意不符。
　　9. B. whatever引导宾语从句,在从句中作wants的宾语。用whichever引导,则表示"任何一个",与题意不符,A、D都只能作状语。
　　10. A. what引导主语、宾语从句,可作从句中的主语或宾语,而that引导名词性从句时在句子中不作成分。