高考英语热点动词十五类

动词是英语中最活跃的词类，是句子的核心成分。此外，英语动词的变化较多，形式颇为复杂，是英语学习的难点之一。历届高考英语试题常把动词作为测试的重点，在单项填空题中所占比例在50%以上。笔者通过对近十年来的高考英语试题进行分析，归纳常考动词十五类，供大家参考。
一、连系动词类
连系动词按其所表示的意义可分为以下四种：
1．变化类表事物发展变化的过程，如become, go, turn, grow, get, fall等。
2．感觉类表人体部位的感受，如feel, smell, taste, look, sound等。
3．状态类表事物所处的状态，如keep, come, run, remain, stand, lie, stay, prove等。
4．外表特征类表外表给人的印象，如appear, seem, look等。
连系动词的作用是后接形容词或相当于形容词的结构作表语。除了少数几个（如feel, get, become, grow等）外，不用于进行时态和被动结构。例如：
The mixture is tasted terrible.（误）
The mixture tastes terrible（正）
Jim pretended to be falling asleep when his mother came in.（误）
Jim pretended to fall /be asleep when his mother came in.（正）
I'm feeling much better than ever before.
It was getting darker and darker. Besides, a cold rain began to fall.
【高考例题】
(1) ---Do you like the material? 　---Yes, it ____ very soft. (NMET94)
A. is feeling 　B. felt 　C. feels 　D. is felt
(2) Why don't you put the meat in the fridge? It will ____ fresh for several days. (NMET 03)
A. be stayed 　B. stay 　C. be staying   D. have stayed
(3) The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ____ as the plane was making a landing. (04春季高考上海卷）
A. seat 　B. seating 　C. seated 　D. to be seating
(4) Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you may ____ run over by a car. (02高考北京卷）
A. have 　B. get 　C. become 　D. turn
(5) Happy birthday, Alice. So you have ____ twenty-one already. (04天津卷）
A. become 　B. turned 　C. grown 　D. passed
(6) Sarah, hurry up. I'm afraid you can't have time to ____ before the party. (04全国卷II)
A. get changed 　B. get change 　C. get changing 　D. get to change
(7) 0n hearing the news of the accident in the coal mine, she ____ pale. (04湖北卷）
A. got 　B. changed 　C. went 　D. appeared
(8 )The flowers ____ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. (04上海卷）
A. to smell 　B. smelling 　C. smelt 　D. to be smelt
(9) Although he has taken a lot of medicine, his health ____ poor. (02春上海卷）
A. proves 　B. remains C. maintains 　D. continues
(10) I love to go to the seaside in summer. It ____ good to lie in the sun or swim in the cool sea.
A. does 　B. feels 　C. gets 　D. makes
（Key: CBCBB ACBBB）

二、感官动词类
常考的感官动词有see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel, find, catch等。感官动词的主要作用是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作宾语补足语，表达不同的含义。
1．后接不带to的不定式表示一个发生过或者还没发生具体的动作。
I often heard the song sung, but I have never heard you sing it.
When you go to watch the football watch, you will enjoy seeing the Chinese football team win.
2．后接V-ing形式表正在进行的动作。
Seeing the sun rising above the surface of the sea, we let out a shout of joy.
Hearing this, I felt my heart beating fast.
3．后接V-ed形式表被动意义。
After his return twenty years later, he found his home town greatly changed.
Although I had learnt some English, I had never heard a word of it spoken.
【高考例题】
(1) The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ____ the next year. (NMET 2000)
A. carry out 　B. carrying out 　C. carried out 　D. to carry out
(2) A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ____ in the kitchen. ( NMET 03)
A. smoke 　B. smoking 　C. to smoke 　D. smoked
(3) The missing boys were last seen ____ near the river.
A. playing 　B. to be playing 　C. play   D. to play
(4) The salesman scolded the girl who was caught ____ and let her off. (NMET93)
A. to have stolen 　B. to be stealing
　C .to steal 　　　D. stealing
(5) He looked around and caught a man ____ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
A. put 　B. to be putting
　C. to put 　D. putting 　(04春北京卷）
（Key: CBADD)

三、使役动词类
表“致使”意义的动词称之为使役动词，如make, let, have, keep, leave, set, send等。使役动词的作用是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作宾语补足语，表达不同的含义。分以下三种情况：
1. make, let have等后接不带to的不定式，表“使／让某人／某物做某事”。
Don't make him do it if he doesn't want to.
If you have any problems, just let me know.
在被动结构中不定式须带to，但是have不用于被动结构中.
He was made to apologize to the guest.
2. have, keep, leave, send, set, get等后接V-ing形式，表持续性动作。
I'm sorry to keep you waiting for so long.
Why do you have him worrying about his lessons?
3. have, keep, leave等后接V-ed形式，表被动含义。
He didn't keep on asking me the time until he had had his watch repaired.
I'll keep you informed as soon as I have the news.
【高考例题】
（1)Don't leave the water＿while you brush
your teeth. (04天津卷）
　A. run 　B. running 　C. being run 　D. to run
(2)Laws that punish parents for their children's actions
against the laws get parents＿．(04重庆卷）
A. worried 　B. to worry C. worrying D. worry
(3) ---Why did you go back to the shop?
---I left my friend ____ there. (03春安徽内蒙古卷）
　A. waiting 　B. to wait 　C. wait D. waits
(4) It was so cold that they kept the fire ____ all night. (NMET91)
A. to burn 　B. burn 　C. burning 　D. burned
(5) ---Good morning, can I help you?
---I'd like to have this package ____，madam.
A. be weighed 　B. weighing
　C. weighed 　D. to weigh (NMET89)
(6) The speaker raised his voice but still couldn't make himself ____．(NMET91)
A. hear 　B. to hear 　C. hearing 　D. heard

(7) As you have never been there before, I'll have someone ____ you the way. (94上海卷）
　A. show 　B. to show 　C. showing D. showed
(8) Paul doesn't have to be made ____．He always works hard. (NMET95)
A. learn 　B. to learn 　C. learned 　D. learning
(9) A computer can do only what thinking people ______．(99上海卷）
　A. have it do 　B. have it done
C. have done it 　D. having it done
(10) Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had ____ went wrong. (98年上海卷）
A. it 　B. it repaired 　C. repaired 　D. to be repaired
　（Key: BCACC DABAC）
四、含情感色彩的动词
这类动词有excite, inspire, encourage, interest, satisfy, delight, please, move, frighten, surprise, amaze, astonish, shock, worry, astonish, disappoint, discourage, exhaust, puzzle, tire, terrify等。情感动词后接指人的名词或代词作宾语，有V-ing和V-ed两种形式，在句中作宾语和表语，V-ing形式指人，V-ed形式则指事物。
The story was so moving that everyone present was moved to tears.
What disappointing result! We were all disappointed with it.
Climbing a hill was tiring and we were tired when we reached the summit.
【高考例题】
(1) Nick is looking for another job because he feels that nothing he does ____ his boss. (2000春北京安徽内蒙古卷）
A. serves 　B. satisfies 　C. promises D. supports
(2) ---I'm very ____ with my own cooking. It looks nice smells delicious.
---Mm, it does have a ____ smell. (02春NMET )
A. pleasant; pleased 　B. pleased; pleased
　C. pleasant; pleasant 　D. pleased; pleasant
(3) Mr. Smith, ____ of the ____ speech, started to read a novel. (03春北京卷）
A. tired; boring 　B. tiring; bored
　C. tired; bored 　D. tiring; boring
(4) It is believed that if a book is____, it will surely ____ the reader. (03上海聋）
A. interested; interest 　　B. interesting；be interested
　C. interested；be interesting 　D. interesting; interest
(5) After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home ____.(04春上海卷）
A. being exhausted 　B. exhausted
　C. exhausting 　　D. having exhausted
（Key: BDADB)
五、后接不定式动词类
afford, agree, choose, determine, expect, decide, learn, offer, mange, hope, want, wish, promise, refuse, fail, pretend, happen等动词，后跟不定式作宾语。
Thank you for offering to help, but I can manage myself.
He learned to ride a bicycle when he was a small boy.
【高考例题】
(1) We agreed＿here but so far she hasn't turned up yet. (NMET95)
A. having met 　B. meeting C. to meet 　D. to have met
(2) Little Jim should love ____ to the theatre this evening. (NMET92)
A. to be taken 　B. to take 　C. being taken 　D. taking
(3) I don't know whether you happen＿，but I'm going to study in the U S A this September. (04辽宁卷）
A. to be heard 　B. to be hearing
　C. to hear 　　D. to have heard
(4) She pretended＿me when I passed by. (NMET89)
　A. not to see 　B. not seeing
　C. to not see 　D. having not seen
(5) Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears ____ everything. (01高考上海卷）
A. to tell 　　B. to be told
　C. to be telling 　D. to have been told
（Key: CADAD)
六、后接V-ing形式动词类
该类动词常考的有appreciate, avoid, bear, consider, dislike, delay, enjoy, escape, finish, hate, imagine, keep， mind, miss, practise, postpone, resist, risk,' stand, suggest 等。这些动词须接V-ing形式作宾语。例如；
I don't mind waiting, but I've got to stand in the cold wind.
Have you considered making some necessary changes to your plan?
Only by practising speaking English every day can you expect to improve your spoken English.
【高考例题】
（1) I would appreciate ____ back this afternoon.
A. you to call 　B. you call
　C. your calling 　D. you're calling
(2) While shopping, people sometimes can't help ____ into buying something they don't really need. (96年上海卷）
A. to persuade 　　B. persuading
　C. being persuaded 　D. be persuaded
(3) He has always insisted on his ____ Dr. turner instead of Mr. Turner. (92上海卷）
　A. been called 　　B. called
　C. being called 　D. having called
(4) I really appreciate ____ to relax with you on this nice island. (04年上海卷）
A. to have had time 　B. having time
　C. to have time 　　D. to having time
(5) Do you mind＿alone at home? (94年上海卷）
　A. Jane leaving 　　B. Jane having left
　C. Jane's being left 　D. Jane to be left
(6) I can hardly imagine Peter ____ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. (NMET91)
A. sail 　B. to sail 　C. sailing 　D. to have sailed
（Key: CBCBCC）

七、后接不定式与V-ing形式意义不同动词类
remember, try, regret, mean, forget, stop, go on, can't help等后接不定式与V-ing形式作宾语，表达含义不同。见下表：
动词 　　接动名词作宾语 　　接不定式作宾语
Remember 　　过去发生的动作 　　将来的动作
try 　　尝试做某事 　　努力做某事
regret 　　对做过的事表示后悔 　　对要做的事表示遗憾
mean 　　意味着做某事 　　企图（打算）做某事
can't help 　　禁不住做某事 　　不能帮助做某事
go on 　　继续做未完成的事情 　　做完一件事后，接着做另一件事
forget 　　忘记以前曾做过某事 　　忘记做某事
stop 　　中断正在做的事情 　　中断正在做的事去做别的事
例如：
I remember being pad, but I've forgotten the exact amount.
Please remember to send me a photo of your son the next time you write to me.
I don't really mean to work here, which means leaving the job soon afterwards.

【高考例题】
（1）---The light in the office is still on. (NMET91)
　---Oh, I forgot ______.
A. turning it off 　B. turn it off
C. to turn it off 　D. having turned it off
(2) ---You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. (NMET95)
---Well, now I regret ______ that.
A. to do 　　B. to be doing
C. to have done 　D. having done
(3) She can't help＿the house because she's busy making a cake. (97上海卷）
A. to clean 　B. cleaning 　C. cleaned   D. being cleaned
(4) ---1 usually go there by train. (NMET92)
　---Why not _____ by boat for a change?
A. to try going 　B. trying to go 　C. to try and go D. try going
(5) ---Let me tell you something about the journalfists.
---Don't you remember＿me the story yesterday? (99年高考上海卷）
A. told 　B. telling 　C .to tell 　D. to have told
(6) The library needs ____, but I'll have to wait until Sunday. (NMET92)
A. cleaning 　　B. be cleaned
　C. being cleaned 　D. clean
(7) 1n some parts of London, missing a bus means ____ for another hour. (02春上海卷）
A. waiting 　B. to wait 　C. wait 　D. to be waiting
(8) She reached the top of the hill and stopped ____ on a big rock by the side of the path. (NMET90)
A. resting 　B. to have rested 　C. rested 　D. to rest
(9) Go on ____ the other exercise after you have finished this one. (NMET89)
A. to do 　B. doing 　C. with 　D. to be doing
（Key: BDADB RADA)
八、进行时态表将来意义动词类
这类动词一般为表位置移动或方向性动词，如go,come, start, arrive, take, leave, move等。例如：
When are going off to for Shanghai?
Mary as well as her parents is leaving for California next month.
【高考例题】
(1) I've won a holiday for two to Florida. I ____ my mum. (01春NMET)
A. am taking 　B. have taken
　C. take 　　D. will have taken
(2) ---What were you doing when he came to see you? (89上海卷）
　---I had just put on my overcoat and _____ visit a friend.
A. leaving 　B. was left 　C. left 　D .was leaving
(3) ---What were you doing when Tony phoned you？
　---I had just finished my work and _____ to take a shower. (04天津卷）
　A. had started 　B. started
C. have started 　D. was starting
（Key: ADD)
九、主动表被动动词类
英语中有些动词可用其主动形式表达被动含义，可分为以下三种情况：
1．某些实义动词的主动形式后跟副词表示被动意义，这类动词有sell, wash, write, last, read, wear等。这种“动词＋副词”结构，常表示事物内部特有的属性。
This kind of cloth washes well and lasts long.
The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly.
Written in simple English, this article reads easily.
2．某些及物动词转为不及物动词后，其主动形式表示被动意义，如open（打开，营业），close（关门），shut（关闭），cut（切割），weigh重), act（上演）等。
The door won't shut.
This shop opens much earlier than it used to.
Each stone weighs 2 tons.
3．某些不及物动词，如happen, occur, cost以及短语，如come out（出版），come up（出现），come into being（产生）come to one's mind想起），turn out（证明是），come about（发生），break out姆发），belong to (属于）等，本身表被动含义，所以它们常用主动形式。
The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 18th century.
Suddenly an idea came to his mind.
It never occurred to me to phone you.
【高考例题】
(1) The evening news comes on at seven o'clock and ____ only thirty minutes. (04全国卷II)
A. keeps 　B. continues 　C. finishes   D. lasts
(2) ---Mummy, can I put the peaches in the cupboard? (02北京卷）
---No, dear. They don't _____ well. Put them in the fridge instead.
A. keep 　B. fit 　C. get 　　D. last
(3) Books of this kind _____ well.（99上海卷）
　A. sell 　B. sells 　C. are sold   　D .is sold
（key: DAA)
十、虚拟语气动词类
insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, ask, require, request, demand等后接引导的宾语从句时，谓语动词须用“(should)＋动词原形”。
The guard at the gate insisted that everyone should obey the rules.
The rule requires that everyone, young or old, man or women, have his car checked once a year.
【高考例题】
(1) ---How do you _____ we go to Beijing for our holidays.
---I think we'd better fly there. It's much more comfortable. (04福建卷）
A. insist 　B. want 　C. suppose 　D. suggest
(2) Jane's pale face suggested that she _____ ill, and her parents suggested that she _____ a medical examination. (94上海卷）
　A. be; should have 　B. was; have
C. should be; had 　D. was; has
(3) _____ sent to work here? (02上海卷）
A. Who do you suggest 　　B. Who do you suggest that should
C. Do you suggest who should 　D. Do you suggest whom should
（Key: DBA)
十一、省略替代类
believe, think, suppose, guess, hope, expect, imagine, would like/ love, be afraid等动词用于简略回答中，后接so来替代肯定分句，用not来替代否定分句。或接to来替代前面内容相同的不定式，表示看法、意见、设想、打算等。例如：
---Do you think Norman would have lent me his car I had asked him to?
---Yes, I ,think so.
---Will you be able to come to my birthday party?
---I'd love to, but I'm too busy.
注意：believe, think, suppose, guess等用于否定回答时，既可以说I believe (think, suppose guess) not，也可以说I don't believe (think, suppose guess) so，但用hope, expect, be afraid作否定回答时，只能说I hope (expect) not以及I'm afraid not,
【高考例题】
(1) ---I believe we've met somewhere before. 　(2000春季北京、安徽、内蒙古卷）
　---No, ______.
A. it isn't the same 　B. it can't be true
　C. I don't think so 　D. I'd rather not
(2) ---The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they? (03春北京卷）
　---________.
A. I guess not so 　B. I don't guess
C. I don't guess it 　D. I guess not
(3) ---Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend?
---______. (NMET94)
　A. I don't believe 　B. I don't believe it
　C. I believe not so 　D. I believe not
（Key: CDD)
十二、否定转移类
think, believe, guess, suppose, imagine, expect等动词后接that引导的宾语从句时，从句若为否定结构，常将否定词not前移到主句中。
I don't think it is possible to learn a foreign language well without much memory work.
He doesn't think Tom will make an excellent player.
当该结构的主句主语为第一人称时，变为反意疑问句，后半句的主语和谓语简略形式应与从句保持一致，否则与主句保持一致。例如：
I don't think there is anything else I need, is there?
He doesn't believe he will be able to solve the problems by herself, does he?
【高考例题】
(1) I don't suppose anyone will volunteer, _____？ (01上海卷）
A. do I 　B. don't I 　C. will they D. won't they
(2) Mrs. Black doesn't believe her son is able to design a digital camera,____？(02上海卷）
A. is he 　B. isn't he 　C. doesn't she   D. does she
（Key: C D)
十三、带介词t0的动词短语类
这类短语有be (get) used to, lead to, devote…to, look forward to, stick to, object to, get down to, there is no end to等。当它们后面出现动词时，要用V-ing形式。例如：
I've got used to driving in all kinds of weather.
As soon as she returned home from abroad, she got down to preparing supper for children.
注意区分介词to与不定式符号to a
He used to drive on the right and now he is used to driving on the left. (used to表“过去常常”,to为不定式符号，be used to 表“习惯于”,to为介词）
I'm looking forward to seeing you soon.〔look forward to意思是“盼望，期待”，to为介词。）
He looked forward to see what was happening. (look forward意为“向前看”，to see是不定式作目的状语。）
【高考例题】
(1) Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _____ some schools for poor children. (01上海卷）
A. set up 　B. setting up
　C. have set up 　D. having set up
(2) The discovery of new evidence led to _____. (03上海卷）
A. the thief having caught 　B. catch the thief
　C. the thief being caught 　D. the thief to be caught
(3) She looks forward every spring to _____ the flower-lined garden. (94上海卷）
A. visit 　B. paying a visit C. walking D. walking in
（Key: BCD)
十四、瞬间（非延续性动词）类
这类动词常考的有go, come, leave, start, return, begin, arrive, stop, finish, borrow, lend, open, close, die, become, break, join, marry, employ, graduate等。瞬间（非延续性动词）表短暂性的动作，因此不可与表“段时间”的for/ since短语或since从句连用。例如：
He has come here for three years.（误）
He has been here for three years.（正）
It is three years since he came here.（正）
【高考例题】
(1) It's ten years since the scientist _____ his life's work of discovering the valuable chemical. (04江苏卷）
　A. made for 　B. set out 　C. took off 　D. turned up
(2) My uncle ____ until he was forty-five. (2000高考上海卷）
　A. married 　　B. didn't married
　C. was not marrying 　D. would marry
(3) ---_____ David and Vicky _____ married? (03北京卷）
---For about three years.
A. How long were; being 　B. How long have; got
　C. How long have; been 　D. How long did; get
(4) ---How long ______ at this job? (03春北京卷）
　---Since 1990.
A. were you employed 　B. have you been employed
　C. had you been employed D. will you be employed
(5) When Jack arrived he learned Mary ____ for almost an hour. (NMET92)
A. had gone 　B. had set off
C. had left 　D. had been away
(6) They _____ friends since they met in Shanghai. (NMET89)
　A. have made 　B. have become 　C. have been 　D. have turned
（Key: BBCBDC)
十五、计划未能实现类
intend, mean, hope, wish, plan, expect, think, want, suppose等动词用于过去时态，可表示过去未能实现的愿望、想法、打算等。
1．该类动词用于过去完成时后接不定式或宾语从句。
I had never thought you would bring me such a nice gift.
I had panned to call on you, but I was too busy to get away.
2．该类动词用于一般过去时后接不定式的完成式或一般式。
I'd like to have arrive on time, but I was caught on the traffic jam.
【高考例题】
(1) ---You should have thanked her before you left.
---I meant _____, but when I was leaving I couldn't find her anywhere. (2000春上海卷）
A. to do 　B. to 　C. doing 　D. doing so
(2) ---Why haven't you bought any butter? (01春北京安徽内蒙古卷）
---I ____ to but I forgot about it.
A. liked 　B. wished 　C. meant D. expected
(3) I would love _____ the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. (NMET97)
　A. to go 　B. to have gone 　C. going 　D. having gone
(4) ---Alice, why didn't you come yesterday?
---I _____, but I had an unexpected visitor. (NMET97)
A. had 　B. would 　C. was going to 　D. did
（Key: BCBC）