牛津英语5A英语语法(五)代词
一代词：代词是代替名词以及起名词作用的短语、分句和句子的词。
二代词的种类：
1. 人称代词主格 I , you, he, she, it, we, you, they
宾格 me, you, him, her, it, us, you , them
2. 物主代词形容词性的物主代词 my, your, his , her, its, our, your ,their
名词性的物主代词 mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs
3. 反身代词 myself, herself, themselves…
4. 相互代词有：each other, one another…
5. 提示代词有：this , that , these , those , those…
6. 疑问代词 who, what, whose…
7. 关系代词 which, that, who…
8. 连接代词 what, who, whose…
9. 不定代词没有指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词
all, each, both, either, neither, one, any…
10. 指示代词 that, this ,these, those
三代词的使用方法
1. 人称代词是表示"我"、"你"、"他"、"她"、"它"、"我们"、"你们"、"他们"的词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化。物主代词表示所有关系的代词，也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种。表示"我自己"、"你自己"、"他自己"、"我们自己"、"你们自己"和"他们自己"等的代词，叫做自身代词，也称为"反身代词"。详件见下表：
|
| 人称代词 | 物主代词 | 反身代词 | |||
| 主格 | 宾格 | 形容词性 | 名词性 | |||
| 第一人称 | 单数 | I | me | my | mine | myself |
| 复数 | we | us | our | ours | ourselves | |
| 第二人称 | 单数 | you | you | your | yours | yourself |
| 复数 | you | you | your | yours | yourselves | |
| 第三人称 | 单数 | he | him | his | his | himself |
| she | her | her | hers | herself | ||
| it | it | its | its | Itself | ||
| 复数 | they | them | their | theirs | themselves | |
| 句法功能 | 作主语,其中she指 | 作宾语介 | 作定语 | 作主语,宾语, | 作宾语,介词 | |
根据上表的例句如下：
She doesn’t believe us.
When he arrived, John went straight to the bank..
You’ll find your books among mine on the bookshelf.
-Who is it? -It’s me.
Our room is on the first floor, and theirs is on the second.
They think too much of themselves.
A week later, I myself had to go to Paris.
Help yourself!
We cook for ourselves.
I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her.
The cap is Jack’s.
注意：在连续使用两个以上人称代词时，通常单数you放在第一位， I 放在最后；复数we放在第一位，they放在最后。简单记成：单数2,3,1，复数1,2,3 。都是三人称，女后男在先。例如：
You and I can help each other.
They couldn’t have seen Tom and me there.
You, Tom and I are leaving next month.
You or they must pass the exam.
We, you and they should go there together.
2. 疑问代词(who, whom, which, what, whose) 用来构成疑问句，在句中可以起名词词组作用。指人： who, whom, whose指物： what既可指人又可指物： which
①who与whom. (whom是who的宾格)
Who told you the truth?Whom are you talking with?
②whose, which, what(在非限定的数量中选择用what,在限定的数量中选择which)
Whose book is this?
What was the directional flow of U. S. territorial expansion?
Which book you like better, the English book or the Chinese book?
What are you reading now?
What’s your father?
Whose books are these on the desk?
注意：疑问代词用于对介词宾语提问时，过去的文体中介词和疑问代词通常一起放在句首，现代英语中，疑问代词在句首，介词在句未。
For what do most students study?What are you looking for?
3. 指示代词this, these, that , those被用作名词中心词的修饰语时属于限定词，而单独用来代替名词词组时是代词。
This is the bus we want.Put these in your bag.
My idea is this.How do you think of this idea?
注意：that和those有时用来代表前面提到的名词，以避免重复。
The best coal is that from Newcastle.
Those who wish to go may sign up here.
4. 不定代词用法辨析
neither…nor… 没有…也没有
either… or… 不是…就是…
both两者都…
one… the other… 两个中的一个,另一个
another 再一个,又一个
every 作定语,每一个. (可以形成合成词 everybody everything…)
each每一个,一个个的加以考虑时用.
None 否定意思,"没有一个…"
5．其它代词在高中部分会有进一步讲解。
练习题：
1. The weather in Guangzhou is hotter than ________ in Shenyang.
A. that B. It C. this D. one
2. Mr. Green is our English teacher. _____comes from U. S. A.
A. he B. she C. it D. they
3. My bike is broken. May I borrow________?
A. you B. yourself C. yours D. your
4. Would you like some tea? Yes, just_________--.
A. a few B. few C. a little D. little bit
5. Would you like some tea or coffee? _________. Thanks, I’ve had enough.
A. either B. neither C. some D. both
6. I bought ___________ exercise books with __________ money.
A. a few, a few B. a few, a little C. a little, a few D. a little, a little
7. I made the cake by ____________. Help __________, Tom.
A. ourselves, yourself B. myself, yourself C. myself, you D. me, him
8. Enjoy_____________, May and Mary.
A. yourself B. myself C. yourselves D. themselves
9. _____________ house is this ?It’s mine.
A. What B. Who C. Whose D. Whose
10. She is a student and ____________ name is Mary.
A. she B. her C. hers D. his
11. She will go skating and I will do _________.
A. such B. same C. the same as D. the same
12. __________ is he?He is a bus driver.
A. who B. which C. that D. what
13. _____ hat is this?It’s __________.
A. Whose, me B. Who, mine C. Whom, his D. Whose, mine
14. The population of China is larger than __________ of Japan.
A. one B. it C. that D. those
15. Li Li is clever than _______ in his class.
A. anybody B. anyone else C. else anyone D. somebody else
16. _________ like music.
A. Both of them B. Both of they C. The both girls D. Both them
17. Could you give me some ink?Sorry, I have__________ in my bottle.
A. a few B. few C. a little D. little
18. He has ___________ to tell us.
A. something important B. important something C. anything useful D. useful nothing
19. Would you like ___________ coffee? Yes, I’d like ______________.
A. any, any B. some, some C. some, any D. any, some
20. _________ of the teachers are ok in our school.
A. every B. each C. either D. all
21. Of the three foreigners, one is from London, ________ are from the USA.
A. two others B. the other too C. another two D. the both
22. Which would you like, sir, tea or coffee?I don’t mind. _______ is ok.
A. Either B. Neither C. Any D. Both
23. Help __________ to some chicken, boys and girls.
A. you B. yours C. yourself D. yourselves
24. What do you usually have for breakfast?______ milk and ______ eggs.
A. Little, a little B. A few, few C. A little, a few D. A few, a little
25. Who taught ______ history last year?Nobody! He learned it _________.
A. him, himself B. his, himself C. himself, himself D. his, him
26. There isn’t _______ paper here. Will you go and get __________for me?
A. any, any B. any, some C. much, many D. many, much
27. The farmer is busy because he’s so __ sheep to keep and so __ work to do.
A. much, many B. many, much C. many, a lot D. a lot, much
28. On _______ side of the river there’re many tall trees.
A every B. all C. both D. each
29. Whose photo is this?It’s __________.
A. me B. mine C. my D. myself
30. Who is playing the piano in the next room?_______ is Li Ping’s brother.
A. This B. That C. It D. He
31. The old man has two sons, but __________ of them lives with him.
A. both B. none C. neither D. all
32. You have more apples than I, but _____ are bigger than_________.
A. my, your B. my, yours C. mine, your D. mine, yours
33. There is ________ meat at home. Would you please go and buy______?
A. some, a little B. a little, any C. little, some D. little, any
34. My parents are workers. _______ both work in the same factory.
A. them B. they C. he D. she
35. Can you come on Friday or Saturday?I’m afraid _______ day is possible.
A. either B. same C. nay D. neither
36. He can’t hear you, because there is _____ noise here.
A. very much B. too much C. much too D. so many
37. All of us were invited, but _______ of us came.
A. neither B. none C. both D. any
38. There isn’t __________ water in the cup.
A. any B. many C. some D. the
39. We have _________ sugar. Really? Let’s go and buy some.
A. few B. a few C. little D. a little
40. There isn’t ____________ milk in the fridge. You’d better buy some.
A. no B. any C. some D. a few
41. Help_____ to some meat, Mary.
A. themselves B. ourselves C. yourself D. himself
42. Though they had cleaned the door, there was still __________ water on it.
A. little B. a little C. few D. a few
43. The old man kept one black dog and two white__________.
A. one B. ones C. those D. one’s
44. ______ of us has read the newspaper, so we know nothing about it.
A. some B. both C. none D. all
45. He is not a kind- hearted man, ________ people can get on well with him.
A. few B. a few C. little D. a little
46. I’m old enough to wash _______ clothes. You should wash ______, too.
A. my, your B. mine, yours C. my, your D. your, my
47. It’s too hot. Give __________ a bottle of orange.
A. mine B. he C. her D. our
48. When shall we meet again?___ day is OK.
A. either B. neither C. none D. any
49. Which of the two books will you buy?I’ll buy __, so I can give one to Joe.
A. either B. neither C. all D. both
50. The girls are crying. ________ can’t find __________ mother.
A. She, her B. They, them C. They, their D. They, her
答案：1-5 A A C C B 6-10 B B C C B 11-15 D D D C B
16-20 A D A B D 21-25 B A D C A 26-30 B B D B
31-35 C D C B D 36-40 B B A C B 41-45 C B B C A 46-50 C C D D C