牛津英语5a英语语法(三)一般现在时

一. 一般现在时行为动词词型变化形式

　　一般现在时动词只有第三人称有词形变化，其他人称动词均用原形单数第三人称动词变化：

　　多数在动词后加s　play—plays　like—likes ,

　　以s，x，sh，ch，o结尾的动词加es　go—goes　wash--washes,

　　以辅音字母加y结尾，把y改i再加es　fly—flies　study--studies

二. 一般现在时动词be和 have的变化形式

1.动词Be 叫连系动词, 连系动词be的用法：除了第一人称单数用am，和第三人称单数用is以外，其它人称用are。

　I am busy. You are busy. He (She) is busy. We (You, They) are busy.

2.动词have的用法：除了第三人称单数用has以外，其它人称一律用have。如:

　I have a pen. You have a pen. She (He) has a pen.

　We (You, They) have pens.

三. 一般现在时的句型

1.肯定句构成：主语+动词 (注意人称变化) +其它成分

　Ihave a dog. 　We like the little cat. 　She sings well.

2.否定句构成：

　行为动词的否定句：主语+助动词(do/does) + not +动词原形+其它成分

　He dosen’t have a dog.　He isn’t young.　We don’t like the little cat.

　(借助于助动词do) She doesn’t sing well. (借助于助动词does)

3.一般疑问句：

　A.行为动词的一般疑问句：助动词(do/does)+主语+动词原形 + 其它成分

　Do you like it? Yes, I do. / No. I don’t .　 Does he(she) like it? Yes, he( she )does. / No, he ( she )doesn’t.

　B. 动词BE 的一般疑问句Am / Is /Are +主语 + 其它成分

　Are you a teacher? Yes, I am. / No, I am not.

　Are they students of your school.Yes they are / No they aren,t.

4.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句

　How many students are there in your school?

　What do you usually do on Sunday?

四．一般现在时的用法

1.经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。如：

　every year, sometimes, at 5 o’clock, on Sunday.

　I get up at six o’clock every day.

　He gets up at six o’clock every day.

　She smokes too much.

　I telephone to my parents once a week.

2.表达客观真理，科学事实。如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。

　Three and four makes seven.

　The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun.

　Shenyang lies in the north of China.

3.在格言或名言警句中。

　Pride goes before a fall. 骄必败。

　Actions speak louder than words.事实用于雄辩。

4.表示现在的状态、性格、个性。

　I don’t want more, thanks.

　He is a good student. He is always ready to help others.

五.一般现在时其它用法

一般现在时表将来

1.含有go, come, return, arrive, leave, start, begin等动词的一般现在时表将来。表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。

　The school bus leaves at eight .

2.在时间或条件句中。

　When Tom comes, ask him how to fix the tap.

　I’ll help you as soon as I arrive there.

3.在动词hope,　take care that,　make sure that等后。

　I hope she has a good time.

　Before you leave the room, please make sure that the door is closed.

4.时间状语从句,条件句中,从句中(常含有till , once , as soon as ,

　when , while , before , after , so long as , by the time , if , in case ,

　unless , even if , whether , the moment , the minute )

　Eg. As soon as I get there, I will deal with this matter.

　Whether he is happy is an important thing to her.

5.倒装句，表示动作正在进行

　Here comes the teacher!= The teacher is coming.

　There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.

　Here comes the car. = The car is coming.

一般现在时表过去

1."书上"，"报纸上"的叙述。

　The newspaper says that the president will retire next month.

2.叙述往事，使其生动。

　Napoleon’s army now advances and the great battle begins.

一般现在时表完成

1.动词用一般现在时代替完成时：hear , tell , learn , write , understand , forget , know , find , say, remember.

　Eg.I hear (= have heard) he will go to Paris.

　　I forget (=have forgotten) how to read the word.

2.句型 " It is … since… " = " It has been … since …"

　It is (= has been) five years since we last met.

一般现在时表进行

1.句型：Here comes…； There goes…

　Eg: Look, here comes Mr. Brown.

六. 注意事项

1.在英国，人们常用have got代替have，特别在疑问句和否定句中。

2.当have如果不表示“有”时，构成疑问或否定句时，就借助于助动词do, does, don’t或者doesn’t.

练习

一.用词的适当形式填空。

1.What time_________ his father_________(do) the work?

2.He _________(get) up at five o’clock.

3.__________ you _________(brush) your teeth every morning.

4.What ________ ( do ) he usually ________( do ) after school?

5.Tom ________ ( study ) English, Chinese, Maths, Science and Art at school.

6. Kitty sometimes __________(go) to the park with his sister.

7.At eight at night, she __________( watch ) TV with her parents.

8. ________ Mike________( read ) English every day?

9.How many lessons________ your classmates______( have ) on Monday?

10.We often___________ ( play ) football in the playground.

二．选择

(　) 1. _____ you have a book?

　　A. Do　B. Are　C. Is　D. Have

(　)2. They _________ on a farm.

　　A. working　B. is work　C. work　D. is worked

(　) 3. Does Peter like to watch TV?

　　__________.

　　A. Yes, he like　B. No, he doesn’t　C. Yes, he’d like　D. No, he likes

(　)4. She doesn’t __________ her homework in the afternoon.

　　A. doing　B. to do　C. does　D. do

(　)5. How ____________ Mr. Brown ___________ to America?

　　A. do,go　B. is,go　C. does,go　D. does,goes

(　)6. Where’s my camera? I____________ it.

　　A. am not finding　B. am not seeing　C. can’t find　D. can’t look at

(　)7. How ___________ he go to work?

　　　He ___________ to work by bike.

　　A. does ;go　B. do;goes　C. do ;go　D. does;goes

(　)8. ______ you usually late for school?

　　No, _____________.

　　A. Do ; I am　B. Does ;not　C. Are ; I’m not　D. Are ; I aren’t

(　)9. _____ she _____ home at six every day?

　　A. Is , leave　B. Does , leave　C. Is , leaves　D. Does , left

(　)10. Mr. Yang ____________ English this term.

　　A. teaches our　B. teaches us　C. teachs us　D. teach our

答案：一.1.does, do　2. gets　3. Do, brush　4. does, do　5. studies　6. goes　7. watches　8. Does, read　9. do, have　10. play

二.1---5 A C B D C　　6---10 C D C B B